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to decide on a policy

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1 décider

décider [deside]

➭ TABLE 1

1. transitive verb

   a. [personne] ( = déterminer, établir) décider qch to decide on sth

• décider que to decide that

• c'est à lui de décider it's up to him to decide

► décider de to decide

• décider de faire qch to decide to do sth

• décider de l'importance de qch to decide how important sth is

• le sort en a décidé autrement fate has decided otherwise

   b. ( = persuader) [personne] to persuade ; [conseil, événement] to decide

• décider qn à faire qch to persuade sb to do sth

   c. [chose] ( = provoquer) to cause

2. reflexive verb

► se décider

   a. [personne] to come to a decision

• se décider à qch to decide on sth

• se décider à faire qch to make up one's mind to do sth

• allez, décide-toi ! come on, make up your mind!

• la voiture ne se décide pas à partir the car just won't start

   b. [problème, affaire] to be decided

• leur départ s'est décidé très vite they very quickly decided to leave

* * *
deside
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( prendre la décision de) to decide

décider une politique — to decide on a policy

c'est toi qui décides, c'est à toi de décider — it's for you ou up to you to decide

décider si — to decide whether

décider qui contacter — to decide who to contact

c'est ce qui a décidé sa perte — it's what led to his downfall

2) ( persuader) to persuade ( à faire to do)

2.

décider de verbe transitif indirect to decide on [date, mesure, lieu]; to fix [prix]

le hasard en décida autrement — fate decided otherwise

décider du sort de quelqu'un — to seal somebody's fate

3.

se décider verbe pronominal

1) ( prendre une décision) to make up one's mind

tu te décides à parler? — are you going to speak?

elle s'est enfin décidée à s'excuser — she apologized at last

être décidé à faire — to be determined to do

2) ( choisir)

se décider pour — to decide on

3) ( être fixé) [accord, réunion] to be decided on; [date] to be set

tout s'est décidé très vite — it all happened very quickly

* * *
deside
1. vi

1) (= prendre une décision) [personne] to decide

C'est vous qui décidez. — You decide.

décider de qch [date, moyens] — to decide on sth

décider de faire — to decide to do

Ils ont décidé de passer leurs vacances en Normandie. — They decided to go to Normandy for their holiday.

2) [événement, facteur]

décider de qch [issue, conclusion, fin] — to determine sth

Le dernier match de la saison décidera de l'issue du championnat. — The last match of the season will determine the outcome of the championship.

2. vt

1) to decide

C'est moi qui décide ce qui est important et ce qui ne l'est pas. — I'm the one who decides what's important and what's not.

décider que — to decide that

2) [personne] to persuade

décider qn à faire qch — to persuade sb to do sth

* * *

décider verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( prendre la décision de) to decide (de faire to do; que that); décider l'envoi de troupes/l'utilisation de qch to decide to send troops/to use sth; décider une politique to decide on a policy; j'ai décidé de ne pas m'en mêler I decided not to interfere; cela a été décidé en avril it was decided in April; je vous laisse décider I'll let you decide; c'est toi qui décides, c'est à toi de décider it's up to you ou for you to decide; il a décidé qu'il n'irait pas he decided (that) he wouldn't go; décider si to decide whether; as-tu décidé si tu les emmènes? have you decided whether you're taking them?; décider qui contacter/quelle route prendre to decide who to contact/which road to take; c'est à lui de décider qui il veut inviter it's up to him to decide who he wants to invite; c'est ce qui a décidé sa perte it's what led to his downfall;

2 Jur to decide on [acquittement]; décider le non-lieu to dismiss a case;

3 ( persuader) to persuade (à faire to do); l'approche de l'hiver l'a décidé à déménager the onset of winter persuaded him to move house.

B décider de vtr ind to decide on, to arrange, to set [date]; to fix [prix]; to decide on [politique, mesure, lieu]; ont-ils décidé de la marche à suivre? have they decided how to go about it?; le hasard en décida autrement fate decided otherwise; l'événement allait décider de leur avenir the event would decide their future; il faut toujours que tu décides de tout! you're always the one who makes the decisions!; décider du sort de qn to seal sb's fate.

C se décider vpr

1 ( prendre une décision) to make up one's mind; tu te décides à parler? are you going to speak?; elle s'est enfin décidée à s'excuser she apologized at last; ma voiture n'a pas l'air de se décider à démarrer my car doesn't seem to want to start; être/sembler décidé à faire to be/to seem determined to do;

2 ( choisir) se décider pour qch/qn to decide on sth/sb; elle s'est décidée pour le pull vert she's decided on the green sweater;

3 ( être fixé) [accord, réunion] to be decided on; [date] to be set, to be arranged; tout s'est décidé très vite it all happened very quickly.

[deside] verbe transitif

1. [choisir] to decide (on)

décider de faire to decide ou to resolve to do

ils ont décidé d'accepter/de ne pas accepter la proposition they've decided in favour of/against the proposal

décider que: il a décidé qu'il ne prendrait pas l'avion he's decided not to ou that he won't fly

décider combien/quoi/comment/si to decide how much/what/how/whether

c'est décidé it's settled

(en usage absolu)

c'est toi qui décides it's your decision, it's up to you

c'est le temps qui décidera it will depend on the weather

2. [entraîner]

décider quelqu'un à to convince ou to persuade somebody to

décide-la à rester persuade her to stay

3. (soutenu) [régler - ordre du jour] to decide, to set ; [ - point de droit] to resolve, to give a ruling on, to decide on

(en usage absolu)

décider en faveur de quelqu'un to give a ruling in favour of somebody

————————

décider de verbe plus préposition

1. [influencer] to determine

le résultat de l'enquête décidera de la poursuite de ce projet the results of the survey will determine whether (or not) we carry on with the project

2. [choisir - lieu, date] to choose, to determine, to decide on

3. [juger]

ta mère en a décidé ainsi! your mother's decision is final!

le sort en décida autrement fate decreed otherwise

————————

se décider verbe pronominal (emploi passif)

to be decided (on)

les choses se sont décidées très vite things were decided very quickly

————————

se décider verbe pronominal intransitif

[faire son choix] to make up one's mind

se décider pour to decide on

se décider à: je me suis décidé à l'acheter I decided ou resolved to buy it

elle s'est décidée à déménager she's made up her mind to move out

je ne me décide pas à le jeter I can't bring myself to throw it out

la voiture s'est enfin décidée à démarrer the car finally decided to start

(tournure impersonnelle)

il se décide à faire beau it looks like the weather's trying to improve

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > décider
2 политические решения

policy decisions

В то время как политические решения могут включать определение общих целей, ограничений и средств компании, стратегические решения обычно относятся только к средствам. Политические решения часто сохраняют силу в течение десяти или более дней. — While policy decisions can include the setting of overall company objectives and constraints as well as means, strategic decisions usually refer only to means. Policy decisions often remain valid for a decade or more.

После определения политическим решением перспективных целей для компании в целом главные управляющие должны выбрать оптимальный способ их достижения в течение следующих нескольких лет. — Once a policy decision has determined the long-term objectives for the company as a whole, it becomes the task of the senior managers to decide the best way in which to achieve these over the following few years.

решения по совокупному производству — aggregate production decisions

решение с использованием условий Куна-Такера — solution using Kuhn-Tucker conditions

Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > политические решения
3 pensar

m.

1 thinking.

2 thinking, way of thinking.

v.

1 to think.

pensar en algo/en alguien/en hacer algo to think about something/about somebody/about doing something

piensa en un número/buen regalo think of a number/good present

dar que pensar a alguien to give somebody food for thought

no pienses mal… don't get the wrong idea…

pensar mal de alguien to think badly o ill of somebody

pensar algo de alguien/algo to think something of somebody/something

pienso que no vendrá I don't think she'll come

Esa chica piensa That girls thinks.

2 to think about or over (reflexionar sobre).

ahora que lo pienso,… come to think of it,…, now that I think about it…

cuando menos lo pienses, te llamarán they'll call you when you least expect it

3 to think up.

4 to plan to, to be planning to, to be thinking about, to intend to.

Yo pienso viajar I am planning to travel.

5 to consider, to have in mind.

Yo pienso muchas cosas I think about many things.

* * *

pensar

Conjugation model [ ACERTAR], like link=acertar acertar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (gen) to think (en, of/about)

■ estuvo pensando en sus amigos he was thinking about his friends

2 (considerar) to consider, think (en, about)

3 (creer) to think, think about

4 (opinar) to think (de, about)

5 (decidir) to decide

6 (tener la intención) to intend to, plan, think of

► verbo pronominal pensarse

1 to think about

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

¡ni pensarlo! no way! don't even think about it!

pensar bien/mal de alguien to think well/badly of somebody

sin pensar without thinking

* * *

verb

1) to think

2) intend

* * *

1. VT

1) (=opinar) to think

• pensar de, ¿qué piensas de ella? — what do you think of her?

¿qué piensas del aborto? — what do you think about abortion?

• pensar que — to think that

-¿piensas que van a venir? -pienso que sí — "do you think they'll come?" - "I think so"

dice que las mujeres no tendrían que trabajar, yo pienso que sí — he says women shouldn't work, I think they should

yo pienso que no — I don't think so

2) (=considerar) to think about, think over

lo pensaré — I'll think about it, I'll think it over

esto es para pensarlo — this needs thinking about o careful consideration

lo pensó mejor — she thought better of it

me pongo triste solo con pensarlo — the mere thought of it makes me sad

• pensándolo bien... — on second thoughts..., on reflection...

piénsalo bien antes de responder — think carefully before you answer

¡ni pensarlo! — no way! *

3) (=decidir)

• pensar que — to decide that, come to the conclusion that...

he pensado que no vale la pena — I've decided that it's not worth it, I've come to the conclusion that it's not worth it

4) (=tener la intención de)

• pensar hacer algo — to intend to do sth

pienso seguir insistiendo — I intend to keep on trying

no pensaba salir — I wasn't intending o planning to go out

no pienso volver a Cuba — I have no intention of going back to Cuba

no pienso decir nada — I won't be saying anything

5) (=concebir) to think up

¿quién pensó este plan? — who thought this plan up?, whose idea was this plan?

6) (=esperar)

cuando menos lo pienses — when you least expect it

sin pensarlo — unexpectedly

2. VI

1) (=tener ideas) to think

eso me hace pensar — that makes me think

quieren imponer su forma de pensar — they want to impose their way of thinking

después de mucho pensar tuve una idea — after much thought I had an idea

• pensar en algo/algn — to think about sth/sb

¿en qué piensas? — what are you thinking about?

estaba pensando en ir al cine esta tarde — I was thinking of going to the cinema this evening

solo piensa en pasarlo bien — all he thinks about is having a good time

pienso mucho en ti — I think about you a lot

• pensar para sí — to think to o.s.

• dar que pensar, el hecho de que no llamara a la policía da que pensar — the fact that she didn't call the police makes you think

un reportaje que da que pensar — a thought-provoking article

dar que pensar a la gente — to set people thinking, arouse suspicions

• sin pensar — without thinking

• pensar sobre algo — to think about sth

pensar con los pies —

estás pensando con los pies — you're not using your head

2)

• pensar bien de algo/algn — to think well of sth/sb

• pensar mal de algo/algn — to think ill of sth/sb

¡no pienses mal! — don't be nasty!

¡siempre pensando mal! — what a nasty mind you've got!

- piensa mal y acertarás

3) (=aspirar)

• pensar en algo — to aim at sth

piensa en una cátedra — he's aiming at a chair

3.

See:

pensarse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) ( razonar) to think

después de mucho pensar... — after much thought...

déjame pensar — let me think

siempre actúa sin pensar — he always does things without thinking

pero piensa un poco! — just think about it a minute!

a ver si piensas con la cabeza y no con los pies — (fam & hum) come on, use your head o your brains!

pensé para mí or para mis adentros — I thought to myself

pensar EN algo/alguien — to think about something/somebody

sólo piensa en divertirse — all he thinks about is having fun

no quiero ni pensar en lo que hubiera podido ocurrir — I don't even want to think what would have happened

b) ( esperar) to expect

cuando menos se piensa... — just when you least expect it...

c) ( creer) to think

pensar mal/bien de alguien — to think ill o badly/well of somebody

siempre piensa mal de los demás — he always thinks the worst of others

dar que or hacer pensar: un libro que da mucho que pensar or que hace pensar mucho a very thought-provoking book; su amabilidad me dio que pensar his friendliness made me think o set me thinking; piensa mal y acertarás — if you think the worst, you won't be far wrong
2.
pensar vt

1)

a) (creer, opinar) to think

pienso que no — I don't think so

es mejor pensar que todo saldrá bien — it's better to believe o think that things will turn out all right in the end

tal como yo pensé! — just as I thought!

no vaya a pensar que... — I wouldn't want you thinking o to think that...

¿qué piensas del divorcio/del jefe? — what do you think about divorce/the boss?

b) ( considerar) to think about

lo pensaré — I'll think about it

¿lo has pensado bien? — have you thought it through o thought about it carefully?

piénsalo bien antes de decidir — think it over before you decide

pensándolo bien,... — on second thought(s) o thinking about it,...

y pensar que...! — (and) to think that...!

sólo de pensarlo me pongo a temblar — just thinking about it makes me tremble

ni pensarlo! or ni lo pienses! — no way! (colloq), not on your life! (colloq)

no lo pienses dos veces — don't think twice about it

c) (Col) < persona> to think about

2) ( tener la intención de)

pensar + INF — to think of -ing, to plan to + inf

¿piensas ir? — are you thinking of going?, are you planning to go?

no pienso esperar más — I don't intend to wait any longer
3.
pensarse v pron (enf) (fam) <decisión/respuesta> to think about

me lo voy a pensar — I'm going to think about it

esto hay que pensárselo dos veces — this needs to be thought through

es como para pensárselo — I/you will need to give it some careful thought

* * *

= believe, contemplate, feel, occur, think out, think, opine, give + (some) thought to, take + view, there + be + strong feeling, take + thought, teeter + on the edge of, come up with, look to.

Ex. The preferred citation order should be that order which is believed to match the approach of many users who can be expected to retrieve information on the topic.

Ex. These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex. Some feel that the non-expressive nature of the notation limits the scheme's usefulness in computerised data bases.

Ex. Various desirable features will be incorporated into a package which may not occur to the new user as being of importance.

Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex. Whether the juxtaposition of language with literature is as weighty an advantage as has on occasion been claimed is, I think, debatable.

Ex. Such techniques, she opined, emphasize production over people.

Ex. I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.

Ex. There are those, sometimes found in the corridors of power, who would take such a view.

Ex. Furthermore there is a strong feeling amongst the journalists that information retrieval is not part of their job but should be carried out by trained librarians.

Ex. This an example of an interesting kind of genre that one encounters without taking any thought for it.

Ex. We would like to encourage other institutions who have been teetering on the edge of implementation to get on their running shoes and go for it.

Ex. Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.

Ex. If you're looking to refinish and waterproof some outdoor furniture you might want to consider using teak oil.

----

* actuar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.

* ahora que pienso... = while I think of it....

* comenzar a pensar en = turn + Posesivo + mind to.

* conocer cómo piensa Alguien = get + inside the mind of.

* dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.

* deber pensarse = thought + must be given.

* decir lo que Uno piensa = speak up.

* de pensar en = at the thought of.

* detenerse a pensar = pause + to think, step back, take + a step back.

* detenerse a pensar en = spare + a thought for.

* echarse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.

* empezar a pensar en = turn + Posesivo + mind to.

* es lo que yo pienso = my two cents' worth.

* forma de pensar = thinking, belief system, set of opinions, mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* generalmente + pensarse que = be/have generally held that.

* hablar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.

* hacer pensar = provoke + thought, make to + think, lull + Nombre + into thinking, summon up + image.

* hacer pensar en = conjure, conjure up + a picture of, bring to + mind, conjure up + an image of, conjure up, conjure up + a vision of.

* hay que pensar en el futuro = the show must go on.

* hay razones para pensar que = there + be + reason to believe that.

* hay suficientes motivos para pensar que = there + be + every reason to think that.

* manera de pensar = way of thinking.

* modo de pensar = thinking, way of thinking, mindset [mind-set], mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* ¡ni pensarlo! = over + Posesivo + dead body.

* no importar lo que + pensar de = whatever + Pronombre + make of.

* no pensar en otra cosa que = be wrapped up in.

* no pensar más en Algo = dismiss from + Posesivo + mind.

* no pensar más que en = be wrapped up in.

* nunca + pensar = thought never + enter + Posesivo + head.

* pararse a pensar = pause + to think, step back, take + a step back.

* pensaba(n) = once thought.

* pensar a lo grande = think + big.

* pensar ante todo en uno mismo = look after + number one.

* pensar creativamente = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pensar de forma creativa = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.

* pensar detenidamente = be carefully considered.

* pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pensar en = come into + the mind, have + in mind, reflect (on), think of, toy with, toy with + idea of, spare + a thought for, flirt with + the idea of.

* pensar en Algo/Alguien = give + Nombre + (some/more) thought.

* pensar en el pasado = look back.

* pensar en/sobre = think about.

* pensar en suicidarse = contemplate + suicide.

* pensar en una idea = think up + idea.

* pensar en una solución = come up with + solution.

* pensar en voz alta = think + aloud, think + out loud.

* pensar intensamente = think + hard.

* pensar pausadamente en = linger over.

* pensar que = share + the view that, Posesivo + feeling is that.

* pensarse = make out to be.

* pensárselo dos veces = think + twice.

* pensar un momento en = spare + a thought for.

* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.

* que da que pensar = sobering.

* que se piensa = perceived.

* ser de los que piensan que = subscribe to + view.

* ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.

* sin necesidad de pensar = thought-free.

* sin parar a pensárselo = off-hand [offhand].

* sin pararse a pensar = off-the-cuff, off the top of + Posesivo + head.

* sin pensar = mindlessly.

* sin pensar (en) = unmindful of, with little or no thought of, without thinking (about).

* sin pensarlo = spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment.

* sin pensarlo demasiado = off-the-cuff, off the top of + Posesivo + head.

* sin pensarlo detenidamente = out of + Posesivo + head.

* sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head, right off the bat.

* sin pensárselo = spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment.

* sin pensárselo dos veces = without a second thought, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, at the drop of a hat.

* tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.

* tener razones para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.

* ver lo que Alguien realmente piensa = see into + Posesivo + heart.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) ( razonar) to think

después de mucho pensar... — after much thought...

déjame pensar — let me think

siempre actúa sin pensar — he always does things without thinking

pero piensa un poco! — just think about it a minute!

a ver si piensas con la cabeza y no con los pies — (fam & hum) come on, use your head o your brains!

pensé para mí or para mis adentros — I thought to myself

pensar EN algo/alguien — to think about something/somebody

sólo piensa en divertirse — all he thinks about is having fun

no quiero ni pensar en lo que hubiera podido ocurrir — I don't even want to think what would have happened

b) ( esperar) to expect

cuando menos se piensa... — just when you least expect it...

c) ( creer) to think

pensar mal/bien de alguien — to think ill o badly/well of somebody

siempre piensa mal de los demás — he always thinks the worst of others

dar que or hacer pensar: un libro que da mucho que pensar or que hace pensar mucho a very thought-provoking book; su amabilidad me dio que pensar his friendliness made me think o set me thinking; piensa mal y acertarás — if you think the worst, you won't be far wrong
2.
pensar vt

1)

a) (creer, opinar) to think

pienso que no — I don't think so

es mejor pensar que todo saldrá bien — it's better to believe o think that things will turn out all right in the end

tal como yo pensé! — just as I thought!

no vaya a pensar que... — I wouldn't want you thinking o to think that...

¿qué piensas del divorcio/del jefe? — what do you think about divorce/the boss?

b) ( considerar) to think about

lo pensaré — I'll think about it

¿lo has pensado bien? — have you thought it through o thought about it carefully?

piénsalo bien antes de decidir — think it over before you decide

pensándolo bien,... — on second thought(s) o thinking about it,...

y pensar que...! — (and) to think that...!

sólo de pensarlo me pongo a temblar — just thinking about it makes me tremble

ni pensarlo! or ni lo pienses! — no way! (colloq), not on your life! (colloq)

no lo pienses dos veces — don't think twice about it

c) (Col) < persona> to think about

2) ( tener la intención de)

pensar + INF — to think of -ing, to plan to + inf

¿piensas ir? — are you thinking of going?, are you planning to go?

no pienso esperar más — I don't intend to wait any longer
3.
pensarse v pron (enf) (fam) <decisión/respuesta> to think about

me lo voy a pensar — I'm going to think about it

esto hay que pensárselo dos veces — this needs to be thought through

es como para pensárselo — I/you will need to give it some careful thought

* * *

= believe, contemplate, feel, occur, think out, think, opine, give + (some) thought to, take + view, there + be + strong feeling, take + thought, teeter + on the edge of, come up with, look to.

Ex: The preferred citation order should be that order which is believed to match the approach of many users who can be expected to retrieve information on the topic.

Ex: These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex: Some feel that the non-expressive nature of the notation limits the scheme's usefulness in computerised data bases.

Ex: Various desirable features will be incorporated into a package which may not occur to the new user as being of importance.

Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex: Whether the juxtaposition of language with literature is as weighty an advantage as has on occasion been claimed is, I think, debatable.

Ex: Such techniques, she opined, emphasize production over people.

Ex: I encourage the reader to give thought to the longer case studies that have appeared in the library press.

Ex: There are those, sometimes found in the corridors of power, who would take such a view.

Ex: Furthermore there is a strong feeling amongst the journalists that information retrieval is not part of their job but should be carried out by trained librarians.

Ex: This an example of an interesting kind of genre that one encounters without taking any thought for it.

Ex: We would like to encourage other institutions who have been teetering on the edge of implementation to get on their running shoes and go for it.

Ex: Derfer corroborated her: 'I'd be very proud of you if you could come up with the means to draft a model collection development policy'.

Ex: If you're looking to refinish and waterproof some outdoor furniture you might want to consider using teak oil.

* actuar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.

* ahora que pienso... = while I think of it....

* comenzar a pensar en = turn + Posesivo + mind to.

* conocer cómo piensa Alguien = get + inside the mind of.

* dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.

* deber pensarse = thought + must be given.

* decir lo que Uno piensa = speak up.

* de pensar en = at the thought of.

* detenerse a pensar = pause + to think, step back, take + a step back.

* detenerse a pensar en = spare + a thought for.

* echarse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.

* empezar a pensar en = turn + Posesivo + mind to.

* es lo que yo pienso = my two cents' worth.

* forma de pensar = thinking, belief system, set of opinions, mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* generalmente + pensarse que = be/have generally held that.

* hablar sin pensar = shoot from + the hip.

* hacer pensar = provoke + thought, make to + think, lull + Nombre + into thinking, summon up + image.

* hacer pensar en = conjure, conjure up + a picture of, bring to + mind, conjure up + an image of, conjure up, conjure up + a vision of.

* hay que pensar en el futuro = the show must go on.

* hay razones para pensar que = there + be + reason to believe that.

* hay suficientes motivos para pensar que = there + be + every reason to think that.

* manera de pensar = way of thinking.

* modo de pensar = thinking, way of thinking, mindset [mind-set], mode of thought, mode of thinking.

* ¡ni pensarlo! = over + Posesivo + dead body.

* no importar lo que + pensar de = whatever + Pronombre + make of.

* no pensar en otra cosa que = be wrapped up in.

* no pensar más en Algo = dismiss from + Posesivo + mind.

* no pensar más que en = be wrapped up in.

* nunca + pensar = thought never + enter + Posesivo + head.

* pararse a pensar = pause + to think, step back, take + a step back.

* pensaba(n) = once thought.

* pensar a lo grande = think + big.

* pensar ante todo en uno mismo = look after + number one.

* pensar creativamente = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pensar de forma creativa = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.

* pensar detenidamente = be carefully considered.

* pensar de un modo diferente = think out(side) + (of) the box.

* pensar en = come into + the mind, have + in mind, reflect (on), think of, toy with, toy with + idea of, spare + a thought for, flirt with + the idea of.

* pensar en Algo/Alguien = give + Nombre + (some/more) thought.

* pensar en el pasado = look back.

* pensar en/sobre = think about.

* pensar en suicidarse = contemplate + suicide.

* pensar en una idea = think up + idea.

* pensar en una solución = come up with + solution.

* pensar en voz alta = think + aloud, think + out loud.

* pensar intensamente = think + hard.

* pensar pausadamente en = linger over.

* pensar que = share + the view that, Posesivo + feeling is that.

* pensarse = make out to be.

* pensárselo dos veces = think + twice.

* pensar un momento en = spare + a thought for.

* ponerse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.

* que da que pensar = sobering.

* que se piensa = perceived.

* ser de los que piensan que = subscribe to + view.

* ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.

* sin necesidad de pensar = thought-free.

* sin parar a pensárselo = off-hand [offhand].

* sin pararse a pensar = off-the-cuff, off the top of + Posesivo + head.

* sin pensar = mindlessly.

* sin pensar (en) = unmindful of, with little or no thought of, without thinking (about).

* sin pensarlo = spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment.

* sin pensarlo demasiado = off-the-cuff, off the top of + Posesivo + head.

* sin pensarlo detenidamente = out of + Posesivo + head.

* sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head, right off the bat.

* sin pensárselo = spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment.

* sin pensárselo dos veces = without a second thought, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, at the drop of a hat.

* tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.

* tener razones para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.

* ver lo que Alguien realmente piensa = see into + Posesivo + heart.

* * *

pensar [A5 ]

vi

1 (razonar) to think

pienso, luego existo I think, therefore I am

no entiendo su manera de pensar I don't understand his way of thinking

después de mucho pensar decidió no aceptar la oferta after much thought she decided not to accept the offer

déjame pensar let me think

siempre actúa sin pensar he always does things without thinking

¡pero piensa un poco! just think about it a minute!

a ver si piensas con la cabeza y no con los pies ( fam hum); come on, use your head o your brains!

es una película que hace pensar it's a thought-provoking movie, it's a movie that makes you think

pensar EN algo/algn to think ABOUT sth/sb

¿en qué piensas? or ¿en qué estás pensando? what are you thinking about?

ahora mismo estaba pensando en ti I was just thinking about you

tú nunca piensas en mí you never think about o of me

actúa sin pensar en las consecuencias she acts without thinking about o considering the consequences

piensa en el futuro/tus padres think of o about the future/your parents

se pasa la vida pensando en el pasado she spends all her time thinking about the past

sólo piensa en comer/divertirse all he thinks about is eating/having fun

es mejor pensar en que todo saldrá bien it's better to believe o think that things will turn out all right in the end

no quiero pensar en lo que habría ocurrido I don't even want to think o contemplate what would have happened

2 (esperar) to expect

cuando menos se piensa puede cambiar la suerte just when you least expect it your luck can change

3 (creer) to think

pensar mal/bien de algn to think ill o badly/well of sb

es un desconfiado, siempre piensa mal de los demás he's really distrustful, he always thinks the worst of others

dar que pensar: un libro que da mucho que pensar a very thought-provoking book, a book which provides plenty of food for thought o which makes you think

su repentina amabilidad me dio que pensar his sudden friendliness made me think o set me thinking

las prolongadas ausencias de su hija le dieron que pensar his daughter's prolonged absences aroused his suspicions

piensa mal y acertarás if you think the worst, you won't be far wrong

■ pensar

vt

A

1 (creer, opinar) to think

pensé que la habías olvidado I thought you had forgotten it

pienso que no I don't think so

pienso que sí I think so

yo pienso que sí, que deberíamos ayudarla personally, I think we should help her

eso me hace pensar que quizás haya sido él that makes me think that perhaps it was him

¡tal como yo pensé! just as I thought!

no vaya a pensar que somos unos malagradecidos I wouldn't want you thinking o to think that we're ungrateful

no es tan tonto como piensas he's not as stupid as you think

- esto se pone feo -pensó Juan this is getting unpleasant, thought Juan

- es un estúpido -pensé para mis adentros he's so stupid, I thought to myself

¿qué piensas del divorcio? what do you think about divorce?, what are your views on divorce?

¿qué piensas del nuevo jefe? what do you think of the new boss?

2 (considerar) to think about

aún no lo sé, lo pensaré I don't know yet, I'll think about it

¿sabes lo que estás haciendo? ¿lo has pensado bien? do you know what you're doing? have you thought it through o have you thought about it carefully o have you given it careful thought?

piénsalo bien antes de decidir think it over before you decide

pensándolo bien, no creo que pueda on second thought(s) o thinking about it, I don't think I can

¡pensar que ni siquiera nos dio las gracias …! to think he never even thanked us!

sólo de pensarlo me pongo a temblar just thinking about it makes me start trembling

¡ni pensarlo! or ¡ni lo pienses! no way! ( colloq), not on your life! ( colloq)

no lo pienses dos veces don't think twice about it

3 ( Col) ‹persona› to think about

B (tener la intención de) pensar + INF to think OF -ING

tú no estarás pensando irte a vivir con él ¿no? you're not thinking of going to live with him, are you?

¿piensas ir? are you thinking of going?, are you planning to go?

no pienso esperar más de diez minutos I don't intend waiting o I don't intend to wait more than ten minutes

tengo pensado hacerlo mañana I'm planning to do it tomorrow

pensamos estar de vuelta antes del domingo we expect o plan to be back before Sunday

mañana pensaba quedarme en casa I was thinking of staying at home tomorrow

■ pensarse

v pron

( enf) ( fam); ‹decisión/respuesta› to think about

tómate unos días para pensártelo take a few days to think about it o to think it over

aún no lo sé, me lo voy a pensar I don't know yet, I'm going to think about it

esto hay que pensárselo dos veces this needs to be thought through o given some (careful) thought

* * *

pensar ( conjugate pensar) verbo intransitivo
to think;
◊ después de mucho pensar … after much thought …;

actuó sin pensar he did it without thinking;
pensé para mí or para mis adentros I thought to myself;
pensar EN algo/algn to think about sth/sb;
cuando menos se piensa … just when you least expect it …;
pensar mal/bien de algn to think ill o badly/well of sb;
dar que or hacer pensar a algn to make sb think
verbo transitivo
1
a) (creer, opinar) to think;

◊ pienso que no I don't think so;

¿qué piensas del divorcio/del jefe? what do you think about divorce/the boss?
b) ( considerar) to think about;

◊ lo pensaré I'll think about it;

piénsalo bien antes de decidir think it over before you decide;
pensándolo bien, … on second thought(s) o thinking about it, …;
¡y pensar que …! (and) to think that …!;
¡ni pensarlo! no way! (colloq), not on your life! (colloq)
c) (Col) ‹ persona› to think about

2 ( tener la intención de):
◊ pensar hacer algo to think of doing sth;

pensamos ir al teatro we're thinking of going to the theater;
no pienso ir I'm not going
pensarse verbo pronominal ( enf) (fam) ‹decisión/respuesta› to think about;
ver tb pensar verbo transitivo 1b
pensar
I verbo intransitivo to think [en, of, about] [sobre, about, over]
II verbo transitivo
1 (formarse una idea) to think [de, of]: no quiero que piense de mí que soy una desagradecida, I don't want him to think I'm ungrateful
2 (examinar una idea) to think over o about: piénsalo dos veces, think it over
3 (tener una intención) to intend: pensamos ir a la playa este verano, we plan to go to the beach this summer
4 (tomar una decisión) to think: he pensado que iré a la fiesta, I've decided to go to the party
♦ Locuciones: en el momento menos pensado, when least expected
¡ni pensarlo!, no way! ➣ Ver nota en consider
' pensar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- dar
- discurrir
- dueña
- dueño
- frescura
- griterío
- matarse
- ofuscar
- ombligo
- planear
- precipitada
- precipitado
- precipitarse
- tuntún
- ver
- creer
- decir
- inclinar
- llevar
- opinar
English:
ahead
- bear
- believe
- dread
- food
- hard
- help
- imagine
- impulse
- intend
- moon about
- moon around
- plan
- reason
- rethink
- shudder
- sober
- suggestive
- think
- thought
- very
- wonder
- worst
- beyond
- collect
- conjure up
- dwell
- impression
- incline
- inclined
- make
- mixed
- propose
- push
- put
- sort
- stop
- turn
- yourself

* * *

pensar

♦ vi

to think;

pensar en algo/alguien to think about sth/sb;

pensar en hacer algo to think about doing sth;

¿en qué piensas o [m5] estás pensando? what are you thinking (about)?;

hemos pensado en ti para este puesto we thought of you for this position;

piensa en un número/buen regalo think of a number/good present;

sólo piensas en comer/la comida eating/food is all you think about;

sólo (de) pensar en ello me pongo enfermo it makes me sick just thinking o just to think about it;

pensar para sí to think to oneself;

pensar sobre algo to think about sth;

piensa sobre lo que te he dicho think about what I've said to you;

sin pensar without thinking;

dar que pensar a alguien to give sb food for thought;

da que pensar que nadie se haya quejado it is somewhat surprising that nobody has complained;

pensar en voz alta to think aloud;

no pienses mal… don't get the wrong idea…;

pensar mal de alguien to think badly o ill of sb;

pienso, luego existo I think, therefore I am;

Prov

piensa mal y acertarás: ¿quién habrá sido? – piensa mal y acertarás who can it have been? – I think you know who it was;

¿le contará la verdad o no? – piensa mal y acertarás will he tell her the truth or not? – it's not too hard to work that one out

♦ vt

1. [reflexionar sobre] to think about o over;

piénsalo think about it, think it over;

después de pensarlo mucho after much thought, after thinking it over carefully;

si lo piensas bien… if you think about it…;

ahora que lo pienso… come to think of it…, now that I think about it…;

cuando menos lo pienses, te llamarán they'll call you when you least expect it;

¡ni pensarlo! no way!;

pensándolo mejor, pensándolo bien on second thoughts;

¡y pensar que no es más que una niña! and to think (that) she's just a girl!

2. [opinar, creer] to think;

¿tú qué piensas? what do you think?;

pensar algo de algo/alguien to think sth of o about sth/sb;

¿qué piensas de…? what do you think of o about…?;

piensa de él que es un memo she thinks he's an idiot;

pienso que sí/no I think so/not;

pienso que no vendrá I don't think she'll come;

pensaba que no la oíamos she thought we couldn't hear her;

no vayas a pensar que no me preocupa don't think it doesn't bother me;

¡quién lo hubiera pensado! who'd have thought it!

3. [idear] to think up

4. [tener la intención de]
pensar hacer algo to intend to do sth;

no pienso decírtelo I have no intention of telling you;

¿qué piensas hacer? what are you going to do?, what are you thinking of doing?;

¿estás pensando en mudarte de casa? are you thinking of moving house?

5. [decidir] to think;

¿has pensado ya el sitio donde vamos a cenar? have you thought where we can go for dinner yet?

♦ See also the pronominal verb pensarse

* * *

pensar

I v/t

1 think about;

¡ni pensarlo! don’t even think about it!

2 ( opinar) think

II v/i think (en about);

¿en qué piensas? what are you thinking about?;

sin pensar without thinking

* * *

pensar {55} vi

1) : to think

2)

pensar en : to think about

pensar vt

1) : to think

2) : to think about

3) : to intend, to plan on

♦ See also the reflexive verb pensarse

* * *

pensar vb

1. (reflexionar) to think [pt. & pp. thought]

piénsalo bien think carefully

pienso que no es para tanto I don't think it's that important

¿en qué estás pensando? what are you thinking about?

2. (opinar) to think

¿qué piensas de mi cuadro? what do you think of my painting?

3. (tener la intención) to think / to plan [pt. & pp. planned]

esta noche pensamos ir al cine we're thinking about going to the cinema tonight

pensaba decírselo el sábado I was going to tell him on Saturday

¿qué piensas hacer? what are you going to do?

4. (idear) to think up

el preso pensó un plan para escapar the prisoner thought up a plan to escape

¡ni pensarlo! no way!

sin pensar without thinking

Spanish-English dictionary > pensar
4 bestimmen

I v/t

1. (festsetzen) determine, decide; (Preis, Termin etc.) fix, Am. set

2. (befehlen) give the orders; Gesetz require, stipulate; nichts zu bestimmen haben have no say in s.th; du hast hier nichts zu bestimmen umg. who asked you (for your opinion)?

3. (beeinflussen: Pläne etc.) determine, control

4. (prägen) characterize; dunkle Wälder bestimmen das Bild der Landschaft the landscape is dominated by dark forests

5. (ausersehen) choose; etw. / jemanden zu oder für etw. bestimmen intend s.th. for s.th. / intend s.o. to be s.th.; Gelder für etw. bestimmen auch allocate ( oder set aside) funds for s.th.; bestimmt sein für be meant for; füreinander bestimmt sein be meant for each other; bestimmt sein zu be destined for ( oder to be); (verurteilt) auch be fated to (+ Inf.) er bestimmte sie zu seiner Stellvertreterin he chose ( oder designated) her as his successor; dieser Ring ist für dich bestimmt this ring is ( oder is meant) for you; zum sofortigen Verzehr / Gebrauch bestimmt Aufdruck auf Ware: for immediate consumption / use; zu Höherem bestimmt sein be destined for higher ( oder bigger and better umg.) things; es war ihm vom Schicksal ( nicht) bestimmt zu (+ Inf.) he was fated (not) to (+ Inf.)

6. (ermitteln) ascertain; auch MATH., CHEM., PHYS. determine; (Begriff) define; seinen Standort bestimmen determine one’s position, take one’s bearings; Pflanzen / Tiere bestimmen identify plants / animals; neu gefunden classify plants / animals; ein Wort / einen Satz bestimmen define a word / determine the meaning of a sentence

7. (jemanden veranlassen) induce (zu + Inf. to + Inf.)

8. geh. altm. (überreden) persuade (to + Inf.); sich von etw. bestimmen lassen (let o.s.) be influenced by s.th.; weitS. let s.th. get the better of one

II v/i

1. (anordnen) decide; (befehlen) give the orders (for); wer bestimmt hier? oder wer hat hier zu bestimmen? who gives the orders around here?

2. (verfügen): über jemanden bestimmen (Arbeitskräfte etc.) have s.o. at one’s disposal; über sein Geld / seine Zeit bestimmen decide how to spend one’s money / what to do with one’s time; über seine Angelegenheiten bestimmen decide one’s affairs for oneself

* * *

(ermitteln) to ascertain;

(festlegen) to appoint; to fix; to determine; to designate; to decide;

(vorsehen) to destine; to ordain

* * *
be|stịm|men ptp besti\#mmt
1. vt

1) (= festsetzen) to determine; Grenze, Ort, Zeit etc auch to fix, to set; (= entscheiden auch) to decide

sie will immer alles bestimmen — she always wants to decide the way things are to be done

See:

→ auch bestimmt

2) (= prägen) Stadtbild, Landschaft to characterize; (= beeinflussen) Preis, Anzahl to determine; Entwicklung, Werk, Stil etc to have a determining influence on; (GRAM) Kasus, Tempus to determine

näher bestimmen (Gram) — to qualify

3) (= wissenschaftlich feststellen) Alter, Standort to determine, to ascertain; Pflanze, Tier, Funde to classify; (= definieren) Wort, Bedeutung to define

4) (= vorsehen) to intend, to mean (für for)

jdn zu etw bestimmen — to choose or designate sb as sth

er ist zu Höherem bestimmt — he is destined for higher things

wir waren füreinander bestimmt — we were meant for each other

2. vi

1) (= entscheiden) to decide (
über +acc on)
du hast hier nicht zu bestimmen — you don't make the decisions here

2)

(= verfügen) er kann über sein Geld allein bestimmen — it is up to him what he does with his money

du kannst nicht über ihn/seine Zeit bestimmen — it's not up to you to decide what he's going to do/how his time is to be spent

3. vr

sich nach etw bestimmen — to be determined by sth

* * *

1) (to fix or settle; to decide: He determined his course of action.) determine

2) (to influence: Our policy is governed by three factors.) govern

3) ((with for) to direct at: That letter/bullet was intended for me.) intend

4) (to select or choose for some particular purpose etc in the future: He had been marked out for an army career from early childhood.) mark out

* * *

be·stim·men *

I. vt

1. (festsetzen)

▪ etw \bestimmen to decide on [or form determine] sth

einen Preis \bestimmen to fix [or set] a price

Ort und Zeit \bestimmen to fix [or appoint] a place and time

eine Grenze/ein Limit \bestimmen to set a limit

wir müssen genau \bestimmen, wo wir uns treffen we have to decide exactly where we'll meet; Gesetzentwurf, Verordnung to rule, to lay down

das Gesetz bestimmt es so it's the law

das Gesetz bestimmt, dass... the law says that...; (entscheiden) to decide sth

2. (prägen)

▪ etw \bestimmen to set the tone for sth

sein ruhiges Auftreten bestimmte die folgende Diskussion his calm manner set the tone for [or of] the ensuing discussion

dichte Wälder \bestimmen das Landschaftsbild thick forests characterize the scenery

3. (beeinflussen)

▪ etw \bestimmen to influence sth

etw entscheidend \bestimmen to determine [or control] sth

die Meinung anderer Leute bestimmte sein ganzes Handeln other people's opinions had a determining [or prevailing] influence on all of his actions

sich akk nach etw dat \bestimmen, durch etw akk bestimmt werden to be governed [or determined] by sth

4. (wissenschaftlich feststellen)

▪ etw \bestimmen to categorize sth

etw nach [seiner] Art \bestimmen to establish the category of sth

Pflanzen/Tiere \bestimmen to classify plants/animals

die Bedeutung/Etymologie/Herkunft von etw dat \bestimmen to determine the significance/etymology/origin of sth

einen Begriff \bestimmen to define a term

5. (vorsehen)

▪ jdn zu etw dat \bestimmen to make sb sth, to name [or choose] sb as sth

jdn durch Wahl zu etw dat \bestimmen to vote sb in as sth

▪ etw für jdn \bestimmen to intend [or earmark] sth for sb

füreinander bestimmt meant for each other

etw ist für jdn bestimmt sth is for sb

zu Größerem bestimmt sein to be destined for higher things

vorherbestimmt sein to be predestined

6. (geh: bewegen)

▪ jdn zu etw dat \bestimmen to induce [or form to prevail on] sb to do sth

II. vi

1. (befehlen) to be in charge, to decide what happens, to lay down the law pej

2. (verfügen)

▪ über jdn/etw \bestimmen to control sb/sth, to dispose of sth

über seine Zeit \bestimmen to organize one's time; (jdn bedrängen) to push sb around fam

über jds akk Gelder \bestimmen to have control over sb's finances

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) (festsetzen) decide on; fix <price, time, etc.>

jemanden zum od. als Nachfolger bestimmen — decide on somebody as one's successor; (nennen) name somebody as one's successor

2) (vorsehen) destine; intend; set aside < money>

das ist für dich bestimmt — that is meant for you

er ist zu Höherem bestimmt — he is destined for higher things

3) (ermitteln, definieren) identify < part of speech, find, plant, etc.>; determine <age, position>; define < meaning>

4) (prägen) determine the character of; give <landscape, townscape> its character
2.
intransitives Verb

1) make the decisions

hier bestimme ich — I'm in charge or the boss here; my word goes around here

2) (verfügen)

über jemanden bestimmen — tell somebody what to do

[frei] über etwas (Akk.) bestimmen — do as one wishes with something

* * *

bestimmen

A. v/t

1. (festsetzen) determine, decide; (Preis, Termin etc) fix, US set

2. (befehlen) give the orders; Gesetz require, stipulate;

nichts zu bestimmen haben have no say in s.th;

du hast hier nichts zu bestimmen umg who asked you (for your opinion)?

3. (beeinflussen: Pläne etc) determine, control

4. (prägen) characterize;

dunkle Wälder bestimmen das Bild der Landschaft the landscape is dominated by dark forests

5. (ausersehen) choose;

etwas/jemanden zu oder

für etwas bestimmen intend sth for sth/intend sb to be sth;

Gelder für etwas bestimmen auch allocate ( oder set aside) funds for sth;

bestimmt sein für be meant for;

füreinander bestimmt sein be meant for each other;

bestimmt sein zu be destined for ( oder to be); (verurteilt) auch be fated to (+inf)

er bestimmte sie zu seiner Stellvertreterin he chose ( oder designated) her as his successor;

dieser Ring ist für dich bestimmt this ring is ( oder is meant) for you;

zum sofortigen Verzehr/Gebrauch bestimmt Aufdruck auf Ware: for immediate consumption/use;

zu Höherem bestimmt sein be destined for higher ( oder bigger and better umg) things;

es war ihm vom Schicksal (nicht) bestimmt zu (+inf) he was fated (not) to (+inf)

6. (ermitteln) ascertain; auch MATH, CHEM, PHYS determine; (Begriff) define;

seinen Standort bestimmen determine one’s position, take one’s bearings;

Pflanzen/Tiere bestimmen identify plants/animals; neu gefunden classify plants/animals;

ein Wort/einen Satz bestimmen define a word/determine the meaning of a sentence

7. (jemanden veranlassen) induce (

zu +inf to +inf)

8. geh obs (überreden) persuade (to +inf);

sich von etwas bestimmen lassen (let o.s.) be influenced by sth; weitS. let sth get the better of one

B. v/i

1. (anordnen) decide; (befehlen) give the orders (for);

wer bestimmt hier? oder

wer hat hier zu bestimmen? who gives the orders around here?

2. (verfügen):

über jemanden bestimmen (Arbeitskräfte etc) have sb at one’s disposal;

über sein Geld/seine Zeit bestimmen decide how to spend one’s money/what to do with one’s time;

über seine Angelegenheiten bestimmen decide one’s affairs for oneself

* * *
1.
transitives Verb

1) (festsetzen) decide on; fix <price, time, etc.>

jemanden zum od. als Nachfolger bestimmen — decide on somebody as one's successor; (nennen) name somebody as one's successor

2) (vorsehen) destine; intend; set aside < money>

das ist für dich bestimmt — that is meant for you

er ist zu Höherem bestimmt — he is destined for higher things

3) (ermitteln, definieren) identify <part of speech, find, plant, etc.>; determine <age, position>; define < meaning>

4) (prägen) determine the character of; give <landscape, townscape> its character
2.
intransitives Verb

1) make the decisions

hier bestimme ich — I'm in charge or the boss here; my word goes around here

2) (verfügen)

über jemanden bestimmen — tell somebody what to do

[frei] über etwas (Akk.) bestimmen — do as one wishes with something

* * *

v.

to appoint v.

to designate v.

to destine v.

to determine v.

to intend (for) v.

to ordain v.

to prearrange v.

to specify v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > bestimmen
5 abandonar

v.

1 to leave (place).

María abandonó la habitación rápidamente Mary abandoned the room quickly.

2 to leave (person).

3 to give up (estudios).

abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year

4 to abandon, to desert, to forsake, to bail out on.

Pedro abandonó a su familia Peter abandoned his family.

Silvia abandonó sus sueños por Pedro Silvia abandoned her dreams for Peter.

5 to quit, to cease trying, to desist, to give up.

María abandonó Mary quit.

6 to check out on.

* * *

abandonar

► verbo transitivo

1 (desamparar) to abandon, forsake

■ la suerte le ha abandonado luck has forsaken him

2 (lugar) to leave, quit

■ abandonar el barco to abandon ship

3 (actividad) to give up, withdraw from

■ abandonó los estudios en la facultad she dropped out of university

4 (traicionar) to desert

5 (renunciar) to relinquish, renounce

6 (descuidar) to neglect

7 DEPORTE (retirarse) to withdraw from

► verbo pronominal abandonarse

1 (descuidarse) to neglect oneself, let oneself go

2 (entregarse) to give oneself up (a, to)

■ se abandonó a la bebida he gave himself up to drink

3 (ceder) to give in

* * *

verb

1) to abandon

2) desert

3) leave

4) neglect

5) give up

6) renounce

•

- abandonarse a

* * *

1. VT

1) (=dejar abandonado) [+ cónyuge, hijo] to abandon, desert; [+ animal, casa, posesiones] to abandon; [+ obligaciones] to neglect

la abandonó por otra mujer — he abandoned o deserted her for another woman

no me abandones nunca — never leave me

tuvimos que abandonar nuestras pertenencias en la huida — we had to abandon all our belongings when we fled

no debes abandonar las labores de la casa — you shouldn't neglect the housework

abandonar el barco — to abandon ship

- abandonar a algn a su suerte o a la buena de Dios

2) (=marcharse de) [+ lugar, organización] to leave

pronto podrán abandonar el hospital — they will soon be able to leave the hospital

abandonó la reunión hecho una furia — he stormed out of the meeting

miles de refugiados han abandonado la ciudad — thousands of refugees have abandoned the city

3) (=renunciar a) [+ estudios, proyecto] to give up, abandon; [+ costumbre, cargo] to give up; [+ privilegio, título] to renounce, relinquish

hemos abandonado la idea de montar un negocio — we have given up o abandoned the idea of starting a business

he decidido abandonar la política — I've decided to give up o abandon politics

si el tratamiento no da resultado lo abandonaremos — if the treatment doesn't work, we'll abandon it

no es fácil abandonar el tabaco — it's not easy to give up smoking

la guerrilla ha prometido abandonar las armas — the guerrillas have promised to lay down their arms

se comprometieron a abandonar sus reivindicaciones territoriales — they promised to renounce o relinquish their territorial claims

4) [buen humor, suerte] to desert

el valor la abandonó — her courage deserted her

nunca los abandona la alegría — they are always happy

2. VI

1) (Atletismo) [antes de la prueba] to pull out, withdraw; [durante la prueba] to pull out, retire

2) (Boxeo) to concede defeat, throw in the towel * o (EEUU) sponge

3) (Ajedrez) to resign, concede

4) (Inform) to quit

3.

See:

abandonarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) (frml) < lugar> to leave

las tropas abandonaron el área — the troops pulled out of o left the area

abandonó la reunión en señal de protesta — he walked out of the meeting in protest

b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon

abandonar a alguien a algo — to abandon somebody to something

los abandonó a su suerte — he abandoned them to their fate

2) fuerzas to desert

la suerte me ha abandonado — my luck has run out

nunca lo abandona el buen humor — his good humor never deserts him

3)

a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give up

abandonó la lucha — he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle

abandonar los estudios — to drop out of school/college

b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out
2.
abandonar vi (Dep)

a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out

b) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat
3.
abandonarse v pron

1) ( entregarse)

abandonarse a algo — a vicios/placeres to abandon oneself to something

se abandonó al sueño — he succumbed to sleep

2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go

* * *

= abandon, abort, drop, eschew, give up, quit, relinquish, stop, leave + wandering in, forsake, sweep aside, desert, opt out of, scrap, pull back, ditch, surrender, bail out, bargain away, dump, maroon, flake out, leave by + the wayside, get away, desist, go + cold turkey, walk out on, walk out, jump + ship.

Ex. The Library of Congress has now reconsidered the position, and abandoned what was known as its compatible headings policy.

Ex. It is important to know what police or fire responses are triggered by alarms and how that reaction can be aborted and the alarm silenced.

Ex. Unfruitful lines of enquiry are dropped and new and more promising search terms are introduced as the search progresses.

Ex. However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.

Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex. If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.

Ex. The Library will consider relinquishing them only when there is strong assurance that their transfer would not adversely affect the library community.

Ex. Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.

Ex. It is our professional duty to help the reader, leading him from author to author, book to book, with enough sure-footed confidence that he is guided up the literary mountain and not left wandering in the viewless foothills because of one's own incompetence.

Ex. Indeed, she was delighted to forsake the urban reality of steel and glass, traffic and crime, aspirin and litter, for the sort of over-the-fence friendliness of the smaller city.

Ex. The development of optical fibres for information transmission has exciting potential here, but there is a very large investment in the present systems which cannot be swept aside overnight.

Ex. Recently, however, libraries have deserted the individual and have pandered too much to the needs of the general public.

Ex. The author takes a critical look at the UK government's education policy with regard to schools' ' opting out' of local government control.

Ex. There have even been rumours of plans to scrap most of the industrial side of its work and disperse key elements, such as the work on regional and industrial aid, to the provinces.

Ex. To pull back now would make both her and him look bad.

Ex. It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.

Ex. Instead the two ecclesiastical disputes which arose from Diocletian's decree to surrender scriptures must be seen as more disastrous to Christian unity than the destruction of libraries.

Ex. In the article ' Bailing out' 9 of the 10 librarians interviewed admitted that they were trying to get out of librarianship partly due to unrealistic expectations learned in library school.

Ex. Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.

Ex. The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.

Ex. A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, the novel 'Lord of the Flies' is an enigmatic and provocative piece of literature.

Ex. The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.

Ex. She seeks to recontextualize those events that history has estranged, destroyed or capriciously left by the wayside.

Ex. Guards in the lead car of the convoy threw their doors open and ran for cover, screaming, 'Get away, get away'.

Ex. One of them sputtered and gesticulated with sufficient violence to induce us to desist.

Ex. Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.

Ex. There are many thankless jobs in this world, but does that mean you can just walk out on them for your own selfish reasons?.

Ex. At least five members of the audience walked out during the bishop's address.

Ex. A new study suggests that up to 40% of currently employed individuals are ready to jump ship once the economy rebounds.

----

* abandonar el barco = abandon + ship.

* abandonar las armas = put down + weapons.

* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.

* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.

* abandonarse = go to + seed.

* abandonarse a = abandon + Reflexivo + to.

* abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.

* abandonar (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.

* abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.

* abandonar un lugar = quit + Lugar.

* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.

* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.

* no abandonar = stick with, stand by.

* persona que abandona Algo = quitter.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) (frml) < lugar> to leave

las tropas abandonaron el área — the troops pulled out of o left the area

abandonó la reunión en señal de protesta — he walked out of the meeting in protest

b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon

abandonar a alguien a algo — to abandon somebody to something

los abandonó a su suerte — he abandoned them to their fate

2) fuerzas to desert

la suerte me ha abandonado — my luck has run out

nunca lo abandona el buen humor — his good humor never deserts him

3)

a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give up

abandonó la lucha — he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle

abandonar los estudios — to drop out of school/college

b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out
2.
abandonar vi (Dep)

a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out

b) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat
3.
abandonarse v pron

1) ( entregarse)

abandonarse a algo — a vicios/placeres to abandon oneself to something

se abandonó al sueño — he succumbed to sleep

2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go

* * *

= abandon, abort, drop, eschew, give up, quit, relinquish, stop, leave + wandering in, forsake, sweep aside, desert, opt out of, scrap, pull back, ditch, surrender, bail out, bargain away, dump, maroon, flake out, leave by + the wayside, get away, desist, go + cold turkey, walk out on, walk out, jump + ship.

Ex: The Library of Congress has now reconsidered the position, and abandoned what was known as its compatible headings policy.

Ex: It is important to know what police or fire responses are triggered by alarms and how that reaction can be aborted and the alarm silenced.

Ex: Unfruitful lines of enquiry are dropped and new and more promising search terms are introduced as the search progresses.

Ex: However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.

Ex: If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex: If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.

Ex: The Library will consider relinquishing them only when there is strong assurance that their transfer would not adversely affect the library community.

Ex: Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.

Ex: It is our professional duty to help the reader, leading him from author to author, book to book, with enough sure-footed confidence that he is guided up the literary mountain and not left wandering in the viewless foothills because of one's own incompetence.

Ex: Indeed, she was delighted to forsake the urban reality of steel and glass, traffic and crime, aspirin and litter, for the sort of over-the-fence friendliness of the smaller city.

Ex: The development of optical fibres for information transmission has exciting potential here, but there is a very large investment in the present systems which cannot be swept aside overnight.

Ex: Recently, however, libraries have deserted the individual and have pandered too much to the needs of the general public.

Ex: The author takes a critical look at the UK government's education policy with regard to schools' ' opting out' of local government control.

Ex: There have even been rumours of plans to scrap most of the industrial side of its work and disperse key elements, such as the work on regional and industrial aid, to the provinces.

Ex: To pull back now would make both her and him look bad.

Ex: It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.

Ex: Instead the two ecclesiastical disputes which arose from Diocletian's decree to surrender scriptures must be seen as more disastrous to Christian unity than the destruction of libraries.

Ex: In the article ' Bailing out' 9 of the 10 librarians interviewed admitted that they were trying to get out of librarianship partly due to unrealistic expectations learned in library school.

Ex: Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.

Ex: The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.

Ex: A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, the novel 'Lord of the Flies' is an enigmatic and provocative piece of literature.

Ex: The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.

Ex: She seeks to recontextualize those events that history has estranged, destroyed or capriciously left by the wayside.

Ex: Guards in the lead car of the convoy threw their doors open and ran for cover, screaming, 'Get away, get away'.

Ex: One of them sputtered and gesticulated with sufficient violence to induce us to desist.

Ex: Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.

Ex: There are many thankless jobs in this world, but does that mean you can just walk out on them for your own selfish reasons?.

Ex: At least five members of the audience walked out during the bishop's address.

Ex: A new study suggests that up to 40% of currently employed individuals are ready to jump ship once the economy rebounds.

* abandonar el barco = abandon + ship.

* abandonar las armas = put down + weapons.

* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.

* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.

* abandonarse = go to + seed.

* abandonarse a = abandon + Reflexivo + to.

* abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.

* abandonar (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.

* abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.

* abandonar un lugar = quit + Lugar.

* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.

* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.

* no abandonar = stick with, stand by.

* persona que abandona Algo = quitter.

* * *

abandonar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ( frml); ‹lugar› to leave

el público abandonó el teatro the audience left the theater

se le concedió un plazo de 48 horas para abandonar el país he was given 48 hours to leave the country

miles de personas abandonan la capital durante el verano thousands of people leave the capital in the summer

las tropas han comenzado a abandonar el área the troops have started to pull out of o leave the area

abandonó la reunión en señal de protesta he walked out of the meeting in protest

2 ‹persona›

abandonó a su familia he abandoned o deserted his family

lo abandonó por otro she left him for another man

abandonó al bebé en la puerta del hospital she abandoned o left the baby at the entrance to the hospital

abandonar a algn A algo to abandon sb TO sth

decidió volver, abandonando al grupo a su suerte he decided to turn back, abandoning the group to its fate

3 ‹coche/barco› to abandon

B «fuerzas» to desert

las fuerzas lo abandonaron y cayó al suelo his strength deserted him and he fell to the floor

la suerte me ha abandonado my luck has run out o deserted me

nunca lo abandona el buen humor he's always good-humored, his good humor never deserts him

C ‹actividad/propósito› to give up

abandonó los estudios she abandoned o gave up her studies

¿vas a abandonar el curso cuando te falta tan poco? you're not going to drop out of o give up the course at this late stage, are you?

abandonó la lucha he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle

ha abandonado toda pretensión de salir elegido he has given up o abandoned any hopes he had of being elected

abandonó la terapia he gave up his therapy, he stopped having therapy

■ abandonar

vi

( Dep)

1 (antes de iniciarse la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out

2 (una vez iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; (en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat, throw in the towel

■ abandonarse

v pron

A

(descuidarse): desde que tuvo hijos se ha abandonado since she had her children she's let herself go

no te abandones y ve al médico don't neglect your health, go and see the doctor

B (entregarse) abandonarse A algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself TO sth

se abandonó al ocio she gave herself up to o abandoned herself to a life of leisure

se abandonó al sueño he gave in to o succumbed to sleep, he let sleep overcome him, he surrendered to sleep

* * *

abandonar ( conjugate abandonar) verbo transitivo
1
a) (frml) ‹ lugar› to leave

b) ‹familia/bebé› to leave, abandon;

‹marido/amante› to leave;
‹coche/barco› to abandon;
◊ los abandonó a su suerte he abandoned them to their fate

2 [ fuerzas] to desert
3
a) ‹actividad/propósito/esperanza› to give up;

◊ abandonar los estudios to drop out of school/college

b) (Dep) ‹carrera/partido› to retire from, pull out of

verbo intransitivo (Dep)
a) (en carrera, competición) to pull out

b) ( en ajedrez) to resign;

(en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat
abandonarse verbo pronominal
1 ( entregarse) abandonarse a algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself to sth
2 ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go
abandonar
I verbo transitivo
1 (irse de) to leave, quit: tenemos que vernos hoy, porque mañana abandono Madrid, we've got to see eachother today because I'm leaving Madrid tomorrow
2 (a una persona, a un animal) to abandon
abandonar a alguien a su suerte, to leave someone to his fate
3 (un proyecto, los estudios) to give up
4 Dep (retirarse de una carrera) to drop out of
(un deporte) to drop
II vi (desfallecer) to give up: los resultados no son los esperados, pero no abandones, the results aren't as good as we expected, but don't give up
' abandonar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dejar
- botar
- plantar
English:
abandon
- back away
- cast aside
- caution
- desert
- drop
- forsake
- free
- give up on
- habit
- idea
- jettison
- leave
- quit
- retire
- scrap
- stand by
- throw in
- walk out
- ditch
- give
- maroon
- stick
- vacate
- walk

* * *

abandonar

♦ vt

1. [lugar] to leave;
[barco, vehículo] to abandon;
abandonó la sala tras el discurso she left the hall after the speech;

abandonó su pueblo para trabajar en la ciudad she left her home town for a job in the city;

abandonar el barco to abandon ship;

¡abandonen el barco! abandon ship!;

abandonar algo a su suerte o [m5] destino to abandon sth to its fate;

los cascos azules abandonarán pronto la región the UN peacekeeping troops will soon be pulling out of the region

2. [persona] to leave;
[hijo, animal] to abandon;
abandonó a su hijo she abandoned her son;

abandonar a alguien a su suerte o [m5] destino to abandon sb to their fate;

¡nunca te abandonaré! I'll never leave you!

3. [estudios] to give up;
[proyecto] to abandon;
abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year;

han amenazado con abandonar las negociaciones they have threatened to walk out of the negotiations;

han amenazado con abandonar la liga they have threatened to pull out of the league;

abandonar la lucha to give up the fight

4. [sujeto: suerte, buen humor] to desert;

lo abandonaron las fuerzas y tuvo que retirarse his strength gave out and he had to drop out;

nunca la abandona su buen humor she never loses her good humour

♦ vi

1. [en carrera, competición] to pull out, to withdraw;
[en ajedrez] to resign; [en boxeo] to throw in the towel;
abandonó en el primer asalto his corner threw in the towel in the first round;

una avería lo obligó a abandonar en la segunda vuelta a mechanical fault forced him to retire on the second lap

2. [rendirse] to give up;

no abandones ahora que estás casi al final don't give up now you've almost reached the end

♦ See also the pronominal verb abandonarse

* * *

abandonar

I v/t

1 lugar leave; a alguien abandon; a esposa, hijos desert; objeto abandon, dump

2 idea give up, abandon; actividad give up, drop

II v/i DEP pull out

* * *

abandonar vt

1) dejar: to abandon, to leave

2) : to give up, to quit

abandonaron la búsqueda: they gave up the search

♦ See also the reflexive verb abandonarse

* * *

abandonar vb

1. (una persona) to abandon / to leave [pt. & pp. left]

abandonó a su familia he left his family

2. (un sitio) to leave

mucha gente abandona la cuidad a lot of people are leaving the city

3. (una actividad) to give up [pt. gave; pp. given]

no abandones el curso don't give up the course

4. (una competición) to withdraw [pt. withdraw; pp. withdrawn]

abandonó la carrera he withdrew from the race

Spanish-English dictionary > abandonar
6 decidir no + Infinitivo

(v.) = decide against + Gerundio, decide against + Nombre

Ex. Sometime around the turn of the century the American library community decided against continuing its analysis of the periodical literature that we find so well explicated in the printed catalogs of Enoch Pratt and other major libraries at that time.

Ex. Although the Editorial Policy Committee decided against the publication of the new edition to celebrate the centenary, they did mark the occasion by two other publications.

* * *

(v.) = decide against + Gerundio, decide against + Nombre

Ex: Sometime around the turn of the century the American library community decided against continuing its analysis of the periodical literature that we find so well explicated in the printed catalogs of Enoch Pratt and other major libraries at that time.

Ex: Although the Editorial Policy Committee decided against the publication of the new edition to celebrate the centenary, they did mark the occasion by two other publications.

Spanish-English dictionary > decidir no + Infinitivo
7 decisión

f.

decision, determination, decisiveness, firmness.

* * *

decisión

► nombre femenino

1 (resolución) decision

■ sus padres tuvieron que tomar una decisión his parents had to make a decision

2 (determinación) determination, resolution

■ se levantó con decisión y la invitó a bailar he stood up resolutely and asked her to dance

* * *

noun f.

decision, choice

* * *

SF

1) (=determinación) decision; (Jur) judgment

forzar una decisión — to force the issue

tomar una decisión — to make o take a decision

decisión por mayoría — majority decision

2) (=firmeza) decisiveness

3) (=voluntad) determination

* * *

femenino

a) ( acción) decision

tomar una decisión — to make a decision

llegar a una decisión — to decide, to reach a decision

decisión de + inf: su decisión de marcharse — her decision to leave

b) ( cualidad) decisiveness, decision

una mujer con decisión — a decisive woman, a woman of decision

c) (AmL) ( en boxeo)

ganó por decisión — he won on points o by a decision

* * *

= choice, decision, determination, resolution.

Ex. To rectify failures, the librarian has two choices.

Ex. However, once a decision has been made to group similar types of entries other difficulties emerge in defining the categories.

Ex. Instead of fighting words with a dogged determination, he got to like them.

Ex. The Economic and Social Committee and the European Parliament will use it to broadcast their opinions and resolutions.

----

* aceptar una decisión = accept + decision.

* adoptar una decisión = adopt + decision.

* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.

* afectar a una decisión = colour + decision, affect + decision.

* alcanzar una decisión = arrive at + decision.

* apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support.

* árbol para la toma de decisiones = decision tree.

* buena decisión = good judgement.

* con decisión = decisively.

* decisión arbitraria = arbitrary decision.

* decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.

* decisión de adoptar = decision to adopt.

* decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.

* decisión fundada = informed decision.

* decisión irrevocable = irrevocable decision.

* decisión no unánime = split decision.

* decisión permanente = permanent arrangement.

* decisión precipitada ante un problema = crisis decision.

* decisión sobre qué política de actuación seguir = policy decision.

* delegar una decisión = delegate + decision.

* imposibilidad de toma de decisiones = undecidability.

* llegar a una decisión = arrive at + decision.

* llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.

* llevar a tomar una decisión = lead (up) to + decision.

* mala decisión = bad judgement.

* necesitar tomar cierto tipo de decisiones = require + judgement, require + an exercise of + judgement.

* persona que toma la última decisión = decider.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* posibilidad de toma de decisiones = decidability.

* reclamar una decisión = appeal + decision.

* regir una decisión = govern + decision.

* responsable de tomar decisiones = decision maker [decision-maker].

* ser decisión de + Nombre = be down to + Nombre.

* sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.

* toma de decisiones = decision making [decision-making], decision taking.

* toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.

* toma de decisiones fundadas = informed decision making.

* tomar decisión = make + choices.

* tomar decisiones = exercise + judgement.

* tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.

* tomar decisiones fundadas = make + informed decisions.

* tomar decisiones por alguien = take + decisions in + Posesivo + name.

* tomar la decisión más acertada dadas las circunstancias = do + the best thing in the circumstances.

* tomar las decisiones = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.

* tomar otra decisión = decision to the contrary.

* tomar una decisión = make + decision, make + judgement, take + decision, reach + decision, make up + Posesivo + (own) mind, adopt + decision.

* tomar una decisión sin conocer todos los datos = make + uninformed decision.

* tomar una decisión sin consultar con nadie = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.

* * *

femenino

a) ( acción) decision

tomar una decisión — to make a decision

llegar a una decisión — to decide, to reach a decision

decisión de + inf: su decisión de marcharse — her decision to leave

b) ( cualidad) decisiveness, decision

una mujer con decisión — a decisive woman, a woman of decision

c) (AmL) ( en boxeo)

ganó por decisión — he won on points o by a decision

* * *

= choice, decision, determination, resolution.

Ex: To rectify failures, the librarian has two choices.

Ex: However, once a decision has been made to group similar types of entries other difficulties emerge in defining the categories.

Ex: Instead of fighting words with a dogged determination, he got to like them.

Ex: The Economic and Social Committee and the European Parliament will use it to broadcast their opinions and resolutions.

* aceptar una decisión = accept + decision.

* adoptar una decisión = adopt + decision.

* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.

* afectar a una decisión = colour + decision, affect + decision.

* alcanzar una decisión = arrive at + decision.

* apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support.

* árbol para la toma de decisiones = decision tree.

* buena decisión = good judgement.

* con decisión = decisively.

* decisión arbitraria = arbitrary decision.

* decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.

* decisión de adoptar = decision to adopt.

* decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.

* decisión fundada = informed decision.

* decisión irrevocable = irrevocable decision.

* decisión no unánime = split decision.

* decisión permanente = permanent arrangement.

* decisión precipitada ante un problema = crisis decision.

* decisión sobre qué política de actuación seguir = policy decision.

* delegar una decisión = delegate + decision.

* imposibilidad de toma de decisiones = undecidability.

* llegar a una decisión = arrive at + decision.

* llevar a la práctica una decisión = implement + decision.

* llevar a tomar una decisión = lead (up) to + decision.

* mala decisión = bad judgement.

* necesitar tomar cierto tipo de decisiones = require + judgement, require + an exercise of + judgement.

* persona que toma la última decisión = decider.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* posibilidad de toma de decisiones = decidability.

* reclamar una decisión = appeal + decision.

* regir una decisión = govern + decision.

* responsable de tomar decisiones = decision maker [decision-maker].

* ser decisión de + Nombre = be down to + Nombre.

* sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.

* toma de decisiones = decision making [decision-making], decision taking.

* toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.

* toma de decisiones fundadas = informed decision making.

* tomar decisión = make + choices.

* tomar decisiones = exercise + judgement.

* tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.

* tomar decisiones fundadas = make + informed decisions.

* tomar decisiones por alguien = take + decisions in + Posesivo + name.

* tomar la decisión más acertada dadas las circunstancias = do + the best thing in the circumstances.

* tomar las decisiones = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost, set + the agenda.

* tomar otra decisión = decision to the contrary.

* tomar una decisión = make + decision, make + judgement, take + decision, reach + decision, make up + Posesivo + (own) mind, adopt + decision.

* tomar una decisión sin conocer todos los datos = make + uninformed decision.

* tomar una decisión sin consultar con nadie = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.

* * *

decisión

feminine

1 (acción) decision

la decisión está en tus manos the decision is in your hands

tienes que tomar una decisión you must make o take a decision, you must make your mind up

no han podido llegar a una decisión they haven't been able to decide o reach a decision

decisión DE + INF:

su decisión de marcharse her decision to leave

2 (cualidad) decisiveness, decision

una mujer de decisión a decisive woman, a woman of decision

3

( AmL) (en boxeo): ganó por decisión he won on points o by a decision

* * *

decisión sustantivo femenino
a) ( acción) decision;

◊ tomar una decisión to make a decision;

su decisión de marcharse her decision to leave
b) ( cualidad) decisiveness, decision;

◊ una mujer con decisión a woman of decision

c) (AmL) ( en boxeo):

◊ ganó por decisión he won on points o by a decision

decisión sustantivo femenino
1 decision: es hora de tomar una decisión, it's time to make a decision
2 (firmeza) decisiveness: entró en el despacho con decisión, he marched into the office
' decisión' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acertada
- acertado
- cacicada
- competer
- comunicar
- concernir
- condicionante
- contravenir
- debilitar
- decididamente
- declararse
- determinar
- determinación
- detrimento
- ecuánime
- enérgica
- enérgico
- final
- impugnar
- juicio
- madurar
- mando
- pensar
- posponer
- precedente
- prórroga
- prorrogar
- providencia
- provocar
- ratificar
- resolución
- sabia
- sabio
- salomónica
- salomónico
- terminante
- última
- último
- unánime
- unitaria
- unitario
- ventolera
- acierto
- adoptar
- anunciar
- apresurado
- arbitraje
- atinado
- caliente
- demorar
English:
accord
- agonizing
- ambit
- appeal
- arguable
- astute
- breathing space
- clash
- clean-cut
- clear
- contest
- decide
- decision
- decision making
- early
- entail
- far-reaching
- fight
- final
- go against
- govern
- hasty
- hinge on
- ill-advised
- make
- override
- overrule
- pending
- question
- rash
- rationale
- resolve
- reverse
- ruling
- second thought
- sensible
- shrewd
- smart
- snap
- spur
- stand by
- take
- unanimous
- vital
- wise
- withhold
- adamant
- agonize
- altogether
- approve

* * *

decisión nf

1. [dictamen, resolución] decision;

la decisión está en nuestras manos the decision is in our hands;

la decisión de expulsarlo no depende de mí whether he should be expelled or not is not my decision;

llegar a o [m5] alcanzar una decisión to arrive at o reach a decision;

tomar una decisión to make o take a decision;

tomó la decisión de no ir she decided not to go

Comp
decisión judicial court ruling
2. [firmeza de carácter] determination, resolve;
[seguridad, resolución] decisiveness;
actuar con decisión to act decisively;

es una persona con muy poca decisión he's a very indecisive person

* * *

decisión

f

1 decision;

tomar una decisión make o take a decision

2 fig

decisiveness

* * *

decisión nf, pl - siones : decision, choice

* * *

decisión n

1. (en general) decision

tomó la decisión de irse de casa she made the decision to leave home

2. (determinación) determination

la falta de decisión del general the general's lack of determination

con decisión decisively

Spanish-English dictionary > decisión
8 establecer

v.

1 to establish.

no lograba establecer contacto con la torre de control he couldn't make o establish contact with the control tower

la policía no ha podido establecer la causa de su muerte the police have been unable to establish o determine the cause of death

las normas del club establecen que… the club rules state that…

Establecieron directrices They established guidelines.

Establecieron a Ricardo en la oficina They established Richard at the office.

2 to establish (instalar) (colonia, poblado).

* * *

establecer

Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to establish; (fundar) to found, set up

2 (récord) to set

3 (ordenar) to state, lay down, establish

■ tal como establece la ley as the law states

► verbo pronominal establecerse

1 (en un lugar) to settle; (en un negocio) to set up in business

* * *

verb

to establish, set up, found

- establecerse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ relación, comunicación] to establish

han logrado establecer contacto con el barco — they've managed to make o establish contact with the boat

una reunión para establecer el precio del petróleo — a meeting to set o fix oil prices

han establecido controles policiales — they have set up police checkpoints

2) (=fundar) [+ empresa] to establish; [+ colonia] to settle

ha establecido su domicilio en Lugo — he's taken up residence in Lugo

3) (=dictaminar) to state, lay down

la ley establece que... — the law states o lays down that...

4) (=expresar) [+ idea, principio] to establish; [+ norma] to lay down; [+ criterio] to set

para establecer los límites de los poderes del presidente — to establish the extent of the President's powers

una comisión para establecer la verdad de los hechos — a commission to establish the truth about what happened

5) [+ récord] to set

2.

See:

establecerse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <colonia/dictadura> to establish; < campamento> to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco — he took up residence in Monaco

b) <relaciones/contacto> to establish

2) ( dejar sentado)

a) <criterios/bases> to establish, lay down; < precio> to fix, set; < precedente> to establish, set

conviene dejar establecido que... — we should make it clear that...

establecer un precedente — to establish o set a precedent

b) (frml) ley/reglamento ( disponer) to state, establish

c) < uso> to establish

d) <récord/marca/moda> to set

3) ( determinar) to establish
2.
establecerse v pron colono/emigrante to settle; comerciante/empresa to set up

se estableció por su cuenta — he set up on his own

* * *

= call for, determine, establish, institute, instruct, lay down, set, set up, settle, map out, set forth, set out, bring into + being.

Ex. The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex. This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.

Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex. The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.

Ex. Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex. He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex. The searcher now decides to set up an SDI profile.

Ex. Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.

Ex. Down the years, the information industry has mapped out for itself the categories of information with which it is prepared to deal.

Ex. She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

Ex. The regulation sets out the requirement for compulsory notification of agreements to the Commission and gives the Commission powers to grant exemption to the rules.

Ex. MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.

----

* establecer alianzas = make + alliances.

* establecer canales para = establish + channels for.

* establecer características = lay down + features.

* establecer comparaciones = make + comparisons.

* establecer comparaciones entre elementos comparables = compare + like with like.

* establecer conexión = establish + link, make + connection.

* establecer contacto = make + contact.

* establecer contactos = liaise (with/between).

* establecer contactos profesionales = networking.

* establecer criterios para = make + provision for.

* establecer directrices = chart + direction.

* establecer disposiciones para = make + provisions for.

* establecer el contexto = set + context.

* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.

* establecer el tema = set + the theme.

* establecer el tono = set + the theme.

* establecer equivalencias entre = map onto/to.

* establecer lazos afectivos = bond.

* establecer límites = draw + limits.

* establecer norma = legislate.

* establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.

* establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.

* establecer normativa = govern.

* establecer prioridades = prioritise [prioritize, -USA], establish + priorities, set + priorities.

* establecer reglas = make + provision.

* establecer reglas para = lay down + rules for.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecerse = settle in, settle down.

* establecer sectores = sectoring.

* establecer una analogía = draw + analogy.

* establecer una colaboración = forge + collaboration.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* establecer una conexión = achieve + connection.

* establecer una convención = establish + convention.

* establecer un acuerdo = work out + agreement.

* establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.

* establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.

* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.

* establecer una política = institute + policy.

* establecer una regla = frame + rule.

* establecer un equilibrio = establish + a balance.

* establecer un límite = set + limit.

* establecer un norma = give + prescription.

* establecer un paralelismo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un paralelo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un principio = establish + principle, set forth + cause.

* establecer un record = establish + a record.

* establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.

* establecer valores = establish + values.

* establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.

* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <colonia/dictadura> to establish; < campamento> to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco — he took up residence in Monaco

b) <relaciones/contacto> to establish

2) ( dejar sentado)

a) <criterios/bases> to establish, lay down; < precio> to fix, set; < precedente> to establish, set

conviene dejar establecido que... — we should make it clear that...

establecer un precedente — to establish o set a precedent

b) (frml) ley/reglamento ( disponer) to state, establish

c) < uso> to establish

d) <récord/marca/moda> to set

3) ( determinar) to establish
2.
establecerse v pron colono/emigrante to settle; comerciante/empresa to set up

se estableció por su cuenta — he set up on his own

* * *

= call for, determine, establish, institute, instruct, lay down, set, set up, settle, map out, set forth, set out, bring into + being.

Ex: The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex: This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.

Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex: The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.

Ex: Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex: He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex: The searcher now decides to set up an SDI profile.

Ex: Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.

Ex: Down the years, the information industry has mapped out for itself the categories of information with which it is prepared to deal.

Ex: She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

Ex: The regulation sets out the requirement for compulsory notification of agreements to the Commission and gives the Commission powers to grant exemption to the rules.

Ex: MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.

* establecer alianzas = make + alliances.

* establecer canales para = establish + channels for.

* establecer características = lay down + features.

* establecer comparaciones = make + comparisons.

* establecer comparaciones entre elementos comparables = compare + like with like.

* establecer conexión = establish + link, make + connection.

* establecer contacto = make + contact.

* establecer contactos = liaise (with/between).

* establecer contactos profesionales = networking.

* establecer criterios para = make + provision for.

* establecer directrices = chart + direction.

* establecer disposiciones para = make + provisions for.

* establecer el contexto = set + context.

* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.

* establecer el tema = set + the theme.

* establecer el tono = set + the theme.

* establecer equivalencias entre = map onto/to.

* establecer lazos afectivos = bond.

* establecer límites = draw + limits.

* establecer norma = legislate.

* establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.

* establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.

* establecer normativa = govern.

* establecer prioridades = prioritise [prioritize, -USA], establish + priorities, set + priorities.

* establecer reglas = make + provision.

* establecer reglas para = lay down + rules for.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecerse = settle in, settle down.

* establecer sectores = sectoring.

* establecer una analogía = draw + analogy.

* establecer una colaboración = forge + collaboration.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* establecer una conexión = achieve + connection.

* establecer una convención = establish + convention.

* establecer un acuerdo = work out + agreement.

* establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.

* establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.

* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.

* establecer una política = institute + policy.

* establecer una regla = frame + rule.

* establecer un equilibrio = establish + a balance.

* establecer un límite = set + limit.

* establecer un norma = give + prescription.

* establecer un paralelismo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un paralelo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un principio = establish + principle, set forth + cause.

* establecer un record = establish + a record.

* establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.

* establecer valores = establish + values.

* establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.

* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.

* * *

establecer [E3 ]

vt

A

1 ‹colonia› to establish; ‹campamento› to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco he took up residence in Monaco

2 ‹relaciones/comunicaciones/contacto› to establish

3 ‹dictadura› to establish, set up

B (dejar sentado)

1 ‹criterios/bases› to establish, lay down; ‹precio› to fix, set

conviene dejar establecido que … we should make it clear that …

establecer un precedente to establish o set a precedent

2 ( frml); «ley/reglamento» (disponer) to state, establish

como se establece en la Constitución as laid down o established in the Constitution

tres veces el precio establecido por la ley three times the legal price

3 ‹uso› to establish; ‹moda› to set

4 ‹récord/marca› to set

C (determinar) to establish

no se ha podido establecer qué fue lo que ocurrió it has been impossible to ascertain o establish exactly what happened

■ establecerse

v pron

1 «colono/emigrante» to settle

2 «comerciante/empresa» to set up

se estableció por su cuenta he set up his own business ( o practice etc), he set up on his own

* * *

establecer ( conjugate establecer) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹colonia/dictadura› to establish;

‹ campamento› to set up;
◊ estableció su residencia en Mónaco he took up residence in Monaco

b) ‹relaciones/contacto› to establish

2 ( dejar sentado)
a) ‹criterios/bases› to establish, lay down;

‹ precio› to fix, set;
‹ precedente› to establish, set
b) (frml) [ley/reglamento] ( disponer) to state, establish

c) ‹récord/marca/moda› to set;

‹ uso› to establish
3 ( determinar) to establish
establecerse verbo pronominal [colono/emigrante] to settle;
[comerciante/empresa] to set up
establecer verbo transitivo to establish
(un récord) to set (up)
' establecer' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
conectar
- disponer
- fijar
- implantar
- sentar
- consagrar
- determinar
- montar
English:
ascertain
- establish
- get at
- institute
- lay down
- networking
- open up
- parallel
- pattern
- prioritize
- set
- set down
- set up
- standard
- timetable
- bond
- determine
- dictate
- draw
- empathize
- get
- issue
- lay
- open
- pin
- state

* * *

establecer

♦ vt

1. [instalar] [colonia, poblado] to establish;
[campamento, negocio, sucursal] to set up;
establecer residencia en to take up residence in

2. [fijar, emprender] [régimen, relaciones, comunicación] to establish;
[costumbre] to introduce; [moda] to start; [récord] to set;
no lograba establecer contacto con la torre de control he couldn't make o establish contact with the control tower

3. [expresar] [principios, criterios] to establish, to lay down;
[teoría, hipótesis] to formulate;
estableció las bases de la física moderna he laid the foundations of modern physics

4. [estipular] to state, to stipulate;

las normas del club establecen que… the club rules state that…;

según establece la ley,… as stipulated by law,…

5. [averiguar] to establish, to determine;

la policía no ha podido establecer la causa de su muerte the police have been unable to establish o determine the cause of death

♦ See also the pronominal verb establecerse

* * *

establecer

v/t

1 establish

2 negocio set up

* * *

establecer {53} vt

fundar, instituir: to establish, to found, to set up

♦ See also the reflexive verb establecerse

* * *

establecer vb

1. (crear) to set up [pt. & pp. set]

han establecido una nueva sucursal aquí they've set up another branch here

2. (demostrar) to establish

Newton estableció que... Newton established that...

3. (ordenar) to state

la constitución establece que... the constitution states that...

Spanish-English dictionary > establecer
9 cōnsilium

cōnsilium ī, n [com- + 2 SAL-], a council, body of counsellors, deliberative assembly: senatum, orbis terrae consilium: senatūs: Iovis, H.: consilium viribus parat, L.: publicum, i. e. a court of justice: hac re ad consilium delatā, a council of war, Cs.: sine consiliis per se solus, without advisers, L.: Illa Numae coniunx consiliumque fuit, counsellor, O.—Deliberation, consultation, considering together, counsel: capere unā tecum, T.: summis de rebus habere, V.: quasi vero consili sit res, ac non, etc., a question for discussion, Cs.: arbitrium negavit sui esse consili, for him to decide, N.: quid efficere possis, tui consili est, for you to consider: nihil quod maioris consili esset: nocturna, S.: in consilio est aedilibus, admitted to the counsels, Iu.—A conclusion, determination, resolution, measure, plan, purpose, intention, design, policy: unum totius Galliae, Cs.: callidum, T.: arcanum, H.: saluberrima, Ta.: adeundae Syriae, Cs.: consili participes, S.: superioris temporis, former policy, Cs.: consilium expedire, resolve promptly, L.: certus consili, in purpose, Ta.: incertus consilii, T., Cu.: Consilia in melius referre, change her policy, V.: quod consilium dabatur? resource, V.: unde consilium afuerit culpam abesse, L.: eo consilio, uti, etc., their object being, Cs.: quo consilio huc imus? T.: omnes uno consilio, with one accord, Cs.: cum suo quisque consilio uteretur, pursued his own course, Cs.: publico factum consilio, by the state, Cs.: alqm interficere publico consilio, i. e. by legal process, Cs.: privato consilio exercitūs comparare, on their own account: audax, L.: fidele: sapiens, O.: plenum sceleris.—In phrases with capere or suscipere, to form a purpose, plan, resolve, decide, determine: neque, quid nunc consili capiam, scio, De virgine, T.: legionis opprimendae consilium capere, Cs.: obprimundae rei p., S.: hominis fortunas evertere: ex oppido profugere, Cs.: consilium ceperunt, ut, etc.: capit consilium, ut nocte iret, L.—With inire, to form a plan, resolve, conspire, determine: inita sunt consilia urbis delendae: iniit consilia reges tollere, N.: consilia inibat, quem ad modum discederet, Cs.: de recuperandā libertate consilium initum, Cs.—With est, it is intended, I purpose: non est consilium, pater, I don't mean to, T.: non fuit consilium otium conterere, S.: ea uti deseram, non est consilium, S.: quibus id consili fuisse cognoverint, ut, etc., who had formed the plan, etc., Cs.: quid sui consili sit, ostendit, Cs.—In war, a plan, device, stratagem: consilia cuiusque modi Gallorum, Cs.: tali consilio pro fligavit hostīs, N.: Britannorum in ipsos versum, Ta.: te consilium Praebente, H.—Counsel, advice: recta consilia aegrotis damus, T.: fidele: lene, H.: consilio uti tuo, take your advice: consilium dedimus Sullae, ut, etc., Iu. — Understanding, judgment, wisdom, sense, penetration, prudence, discretion: neque consili satis habere: a consilio principum dissidere: res forte quam consilio melius gestae, S.: Simul consilium cum re amisti? T.: pari consilio uti: vir consili magni, Cs.: plus in animo consili, L.: catervae Consiliis iuvenis revictae, H.: tam nulli consili, T.: tam expers consili: misce stultitiam consiliis brevem, H.: consilii inopes ignes, indiscreet, O.: vis consili expers, H.
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consili(i) N N

debate/discussion/deliberation/consultation; advice/counsel/suggestion; adviser; decision/resolution; intention/purpose/policy/plan/action; diplomacy/strategy; deliberative/advisory body; state council, senate; jury; board of assessors; intelligence, sense, capacity for judgment/invention; mental ability; choice

Latin-English dictionary > cōnsilium
10 abwartend

I Part. Präs. abwarten

II Adj. Verhalten: cautious; eine abwartende Haltung einnehmen decide to wait and see, POL. adopt a wait-and-see policy, play a waiting game

III Adv.: sich abwartend verhalten adopt a wait-and-see attitude

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waiting

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ab·war·tend

I. adj expectant

eine \abwartende Haltung einnehmen to adopt a policy of wait and see

II. adv expectantly

sich akk \abwartend verhalten to behave cautiously

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abwartend

A. ppr → abwarten

B. adj Verhalten: cautious;

eine abwartende Haltung einnehmen decide to wait and see, POL adopt a wait-and-see policy, play a waiting game

C. adv:

sich abwartend verhalten adopt a wait-and-see attitude

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adj.

observant adj.

temporizing adj.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > abwartend
11 набелязвам

1. (план, перспективи) map out, outline, project, plan, lay down

(политика) trace (out)

набелязаната от нас политика the policy traced (out) by us

2. (определям-лице) pick/single out, select, nominate, decide on

(като жертва) mark (down)

той е набелязан за повишение he is marked down for promotion

3. (слагам знак на) mark

4. (излагам бегло) explain, specify

набелязах му какво да направи I explained to him what he was (supposed) to do

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набеля̀звам,

гл.

1. ( план, перспективи) map out, outline, project, plan, chalk out, lay down; ( политика) trace (out);

2. ( определям лице) pick/single out, select, nominate, decide on; ( като жертва) mark (down);

3. ( слагам знак на) mark;

4. ( излагам бегло) explain, specify; give a broad outline (of).

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mark; outline

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1. (излагам бегло) explain, specify 2. (като жертва) mark (down) 3. (определям - лице) pick/single out, select, nominate, decide on 4. (план, перспективи) map out, outline, project, plan, lay down 5. (политика) trace (out) 6. (слагам знак на) mark 7. набелязаната от нас политика the policy traced (out) by us 8. набелязах му какво да направи I explained to him what he was (supposed) to do 9. той е набелязан за повишение he is marked down for promotion

Български-английски речник > набелязвам
12 решение решени·е

1) (выполнение) accomplishment, fulfilment

решение социальных задач — fulfilment of social tasks

2) (постановление) decision; (собрания) resolution

аннулировать принятое решение, отказаться от решения — to go back on / upon a decision

вынести решение — to render a decision

выносить третейское решение — to arbitrate

просить председателя вынести решение — to ask for / to request a ruling

выполнять решения — to implement / to carry out decisions / resolutions

выступать против решения — to oppose the decision

действовать, исходя из принятых решений — to act proceeding from decisions adopted

известить кого-л. о решении — to notify smb. of a decision

изменить свое решение — to reverse one's decision

иметь право окончательного решения — to have the final say

исполнять принятое решение — to carry out / to exercise the decision taken

навязать кому-л. решение — to impose a decision on smb.

объявлять решение — to announce a decision

оспаривать чьё-л. решение — to challenge smb.'s decision

осуждать чьё-л. решение — to denounce smb.'s decision

отложить / отсрочить решение — to adjourn / to postpone / to put off a decision

отменить решение — to revoke / to overrule a decision

пересмотреть решение — to reconsider a decision

подтвердить решение — to affirm a decision

придерживаться решения — to adhere to a decision

признать решение недействительным — to overrule a decision

принимать решение — to render / to take a decision, to pass / to adopt a resolution

протащить решение — to force through a decision

согласиться с чьим-л. решением — to accept smb.'s decision

решение было принято единогласно — the vote was unanimous

альтернативное решение — alternative decision

безответственное решение — irresponsible decision

бесповоротное решение — irreversible decision

быстрое решение — prompt decision

важное решение — dramatic / momentous decision

внешнеполитические решения — foreign policy decisions

важнейшие внешнеполитические решения — major foreign policy decisions

принять важное внешнеполитическое решение — to make / to take a major foreign policy decision

волюнтаристское решение — voluntaristic decision

временное решение — provisional decision

двусмысленное решение — ambiguous decision

единоличное решение — individual decision

историческое решение — historic / epoch-making decision

кардинальные решения — cardinal decisions

коллегиальное — collective / joint decision

мудрое решение — wise decision

неблагоприятное решение — adverse decision / judgement

необдуманное / поспеш-ное / скороспелое решение — hasty decision

принять поспешное решение — to snap a hasty decision

неожиданное решение — surprise decision

неправильное — wrong decision

непреклонное решение — steady resolve

обязательное решение — mandatory decision

обязывающее решение — binding decision

окончательное решение — irrevocable / final judgement / decision

опрометчивое решение — rash decision

политические решения — policy decisions

участвовать в принятии политических решений — to take part in policy decisions

формулировать политическое решение — to formulate a political decision

своевременные политические решения — timely political decisions

половинчатые решения — half-cocked decisions

принять половинчатое решение — to take a compromise decision

предварительное решение — tentative decision

приемлемое решение — acceptable decision

пристрастное решение — one-sided judgement

смелое решение — bold decision

согласованное решение — agreed / concerted decision

твёрдое решение — firm decision, hard and fast decision

мотивы решения — reasons of the judgement

невыполнение решения — nonfulfilment of a decision to abide by / to implement / to abserve a decision

принятие решений — decision-making

участвовать в принятии решений — to have a share in decision-making

решение исполнительной власти / президента — executive decision амер.

решение по основному вопросу — substantive decision

решение правительства — cabinet decision

решение председателя (собрания и т.п.) — chairman's ruling

возражать против решения председателя — to challenge the chairman's ruling

выступать против решения председателя — to appeal against the chairman's ruling

согласиться с решением председателя — to accept the chairman's ruling

решение председателя остаётся в силе — the chairman's ruling shall stand

решение, принятое большинством голосов — majority decision

решения, принятые Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН — actions / resolutions taken by the General Assembly of the UN

решения Совета Безопасности — decisions' of the Security Council

3) (разрешение, урегулирование) solution

искать решения — to search for solution

находить решение — to find a solution

не признавать решения — to defy the solution

пытаться найти решение — to seek settlement / solution

быстрейшее решение проблемы — prompt solution to the problem

взаимоприемлемое решение — mutually acceptable / harmonious solution

искать взаимоприемлемое решение — to seek accomodation

поиски взаимоприемлемых решений — search for mutually acceptable solutions

выполнимое решение — feasible solution

дипломатическое решение — diplomatic solution

единственно возможное решение — the only possible solution / settlement

комплексное решение проблемы — integrated solution of a problem

компромиссное решение — compromise settlement / solution, settlement by compromise

конструктивное решение — constructive settlement / solution

мирное решение — peaceful solution

непродуманное решение — slick solution амер. разг.

"нулевое" решение — zero solution

оптимальное решение — optimal solution

особое решение — specific solution

политическое решение конфликта — political solution of a conflict

найти приемлемое политическое решение конфликта — to find an acceptable political settlement of the conflict

поэтапное решение — phased / step-by-step solution

промежуточное решение — interim solution

радикальное решение — radical solution

совместное решение проблем — joint solution of problems

справедливое решение (вопроса) — equitable solution

прийти к справедливому решению проблемы — to reach an equitable solution of a problem

частичное решение — partial solution

решение вопросов войны и мира — settlement of the problems of war and peace

решение вопроса мирным путём — amicable settlement

уклониться от решения вопроса — to shrink the issue

решение проблемы — solution of a problem

решение проблемы по дипломатическим каналам — diplomatic solution, solution through diplomatic channels

решение путём переговоров — solution through negotiations

обеспечить решение путём переговоров — to secure negotiated solution

решение споров — settlement of disputes / controversies

4) юр. (постановление суда) decree, judgement, ruling; (суда присяжных) verdict

аннулировать решение низшей судебной инстанции — to reverse the decision of a lower court

вынести решение — to pronounce a decree; (о третейском суде) to award

вынести решение по делу — to rule on a case

оспаривать решение — to challenge a decision

отменить решение — to rescind a decision, to vacate a judgement

подчиниться решению — to accept a decision

принять временное решение — to decide provisionally

решение вступило в силу и подлежит исполнению — the judgement has become res judicata and is enforceable

решение окончательное и обжалованию не подлежит — the judgement is final and without appeal

арбитражное решение — arbitral verdict

заочное решение суда в пользу истца (вследствие неявки ответчика) — judgement by default

выносить заочное решение (в пользу истца) — to default

неправосудное решение — miscarriage of justice

нормоустановительное решение — legislative decision

окончательное решение суда — final judgement

судебное решение — adjudgement; (запрещающее какие-л. действия одной из сторон) special injunction

аннулировать судебное решение — to vacate a judgement

выносить судебное решение — to pass / to give / to pronounce / to render judgement

опорочить судебное решение — to impeach a judgement

вынесение судебного решения — adjudication

пересматривать судебное решение в порядке надзора — to reopen a case in the exercise of supervisory power

пересматривать судебное решение в связи с вновь открывшимися обстоятельствами — to reopen a case upon discovery of new facts

приводить в исполнение судебное решение — to execute a judgement

неправильное судебное решение — failure of justice

судебное решение, запрещающее какие-л. действия одной из сторон — special injunction

решения Верховного суда РФ — rulings of the Supreme Court of Russia

решение по существу дела — substantive judgement

решение суда — court ruling

не повиноваться решению суда — to defy court ruling

подлежащее исполнению решение суда — executory judgement

решение суда в пользу истца — judgement for the plaintiff

решение суда в пользу ответчика — judgement for the defendant

решение судьи по процедурным вопросам в ходе судебного процесса — ruling

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > решение решени·е
13 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
14 adoptar

v.

1 to adopt.

Silvia adoptó a Julio Silvia adopted Jules.

2 to take.

adoptar medidas para luchar contra el desempleo to take measures to combat unemployment

3 to embrace, to accept, to adopt, to espouse.

María adoptó el catolicismo Mary embraced Catholicism.

4 to assume, to put on, to take up.

Pedro adopta poses Peter assumes poses.

5 to opt to.

* * *

adoptar

► verbo transitivo

1 to adopt

* * *

verb

1) to adopt

2) take

* * *

VT

1) [+ niño] to adopt

lo adoptó como hijo — she adopted him as her son

2) (=tomar) [+ medida, decisión, postura, actitud] to take; [+ papel] to take on

adoptar una postura crítica frente al gobierno — to take a critical stance towards the government

han adoptado el papel de víctimas — they have taken on the role of victims

en la reunión no se adoptó ningún acuerdo concreto — nothing definite was agreed on in the meeting

3) [+ postura física]

durante el sueño adopta una mala postura — he sleeps in a bad position

deberías adoptar una postura mejor al sentarte — you should sit better o with a better posture

adoptó una postura provocativa con el cigarrillo — she struck a provocative pose with her cigarette

4) (=empezar a usar) [+ nombre, nacionalidad] to take, adopt; [+ costumbres] to adopt; [+ sistema] to adopt, introduce

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <actitud/costumbre> to adopt; <decisión/medida/posición> to take

la decisión fue adoptada por unanimidad — the decision was unanimous

b) <niño/nacionalidad> to adopt

* * *

= adopt, espouse, summon up, embrace, take on.

Ex. The concept of corporate authorship was first formulated in the BM code and has been adopted in all subsequent English language codes.

Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex. Summoning up her most agreeable tones, she asked if it might not be wiser to ask someone whose experience far exceeded her own to substitute for him.

Ex. The library community is now ready to embrace the most revolutionary technology for libraries -- CD-ROM.

Ex. If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.

----

* adoptar Algo = take (+ Nombre) + on board (+ Nombre).

* adoptar forma = take + shape.

* adoptar la forma de = take + form, take + the form of, come in + the form of.

* adoptar la postura moral correcta = take + the high ground, take + the high road.

* adoptar legislación = adopt + legislation.

* adoptar una actitud = adopt + outlook, adopt + attitude, take + role.

* adoptar una decisión = adopt + decision.

* adoptar una función = step up to + role.

* adoptar una imagen = put on + image.

* adoptar una metodología = adopt + approach.

* adoptar una política = make + policy decisions.

* adoptar una postura = adopt + posture, adopt + behaviour, adopt + a stance, take + position, take + a stance.

* adoptar una postura crítica sobre = take + a critical view of.

* adoptar una postura firme = take + a stand (against).

* adoptar una postura firme ante una cuestión = take + position on + issue, take + position on + issue.

* adoptar una postura firme contra = take + a firm stand against.

* adoptar una postura intransigente = take + a hard stand.

* adoptar una postura unánime = speak with + one voice.

* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.

* adoptar un comportamiento = put on + demeanour, put on + manner, adopt + behaviour.

* adoptar un matiz = take on + colour.

* adoptar un modelo = embrace + model.

* adoptar un papel = take + role.

* adoptar un postura = embrace + view, don + mantle.

* adoptar un punto de vista = embrace + view.

* decisión de adoptar = decision to adopt.

* volver a adoptar = resume.

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <actitud/costumbre> to adopt; <decisión/medida/posición> to take

la decisión fue adoptada por unanimidad — the decision was unanimous

b) <niño/nacionalidad> to adopt

* * *

= adopt, espouse, summon up, embrace, take on.

Ex: The concept of corporate authorship was first formulated in the BM code and has been adopted in all subsequent English language codes.

Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex: Summoning up her most agreeable tones, she asked if it might not be wiser to ask someone whose experience far exceeded her own to substitute for him.

Ex: The library community is now ready to embrace the most revolutionary technology for libraries -- CD-ROM.

Ex: If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.

* adoptar Algo = take (+ Nombre) + on board (+ Nombre).

* adoptar forma = take + shape.

* adoptar la forma de = take + form, take + the form of, come in + the form of.

* adoptar la postura moral correcta = take + the high ground, take + the high road.

* adoptar legislación = adopt + legislation.

* adoptar una actitud = adopt + outlook, adopt + attitude, take + role.

* adoptar una decisión = adopt + decision.

* adoptar una función = step up to + role.

* adoptar una imagen = put on + image.

* adoptar una metodología = adopt + approach.

* adoptar una política = make + policy decisions.

* adoptar una postura = adopt + posture, adopt + behaviour, adopt + a stance, take + position, take + a stance.

* adoptar una postura crítica sobre = take + a critical view of.

* adoptar una postura firme = take + a stand (against).

* adoptar una postura firme ante una cuestión = take + position on + issue, take + position on + issue.

* adoptar una postura firme contra = take + a firm stand against.

* adoptar una postura intransigente = take + a hard stand.

* adoptar una postura unánime = speak with + one voice.

* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.

* adoptar un comportamiento = put on + demeanour, put on + manner, adopt + behaviour.

* adoptar un matiz = take on + colour.

* adoptar un modelo = embrace + model.

* adoptar un papel = take + role.

* adoptar un postura = embrace + view, don + mantle.

* adoptar un punto de vista = embrace + view.

* decisión de adoptar = decision to adopt.

* volver a adoptar = resume.

* * *

adoptar [A1 ]

vt

1 ‹actitud/costumbre› to adopt; ‹decisión› to take

habrá que adoptar medidas drásticas drastic measures will have to be taken

la decisión fue adoptada por unanimidad the decision was unanimous

adoptó la resolución de no volver a verla he took the decision o resolved not to see her again

desde que se adoptó el sistema decimal since decimalization was introduced o adopted

si la mecanógrafa adopta una postura incorrecta if the typist sits badly o ( frml) adopts an incorrect posture

2 ‹niño› to adopt

3 ‹nacionalidad› to take, adopt; ‹apellido› to adopt, take

* * *

adoptar ( conjugate adoptar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹actitud/costumbre› to adopt;

‹decisión/medida/posición› to take
b) ‹niño/nacionalidad› to adopt

adoptar verbo transitivo to adopt
' adoptar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
disuasión
- tomar
- actitud
- asumir
- gestión
- posición
- postura
English:
adopt
- assume
- borrow
- embrace
- foster
- posture
- stand
- line
- put
- sneer
- strike
- take

* * *

adoptar vt

1. [hijo] to adopt

2. [nacionalidad] to adopt

3. [medida, decisión] to take;

adoptaron medidas para luchar contra el desempleo they took measures to combat unemployment;

la policía adoptó la decisión de prohibir la manifestación the police took the decision to ban the demonstration

4. [forma] to take on;

el insecto adopta la forma de una bola para protegerse the insect curls itself into a ball in order to protect itself;

su timidez adopta la forma de agresividad his shyness manifests itself as aggressiveness

* * *

adoptar

v/t adopt

* * *

adoptar vt

1) : to adopt (a measure), to take (a decision)

2) : to adopt (children)

* * *

adoptar vb to adopt

Spanish-English dictionary > adoptar
15 idioma de intercambio

(n.) = exchange language

Ex. An exchange language is the language used as a medium for data exchange in those multilingual systems which, as a matter of policy, decide to use terms selected from only one language for this purpose.

* * *

(n.) = exchange language

Ex: An exchange language is the language used as a medium for data exchange in those multilingual systems which, as a matter of policy, decide to use terms selected from only one language for this purpose.

Spanish-English dictionary > idioma de intercambio
16 lengua de intercambio

(n.) = exchange language

Ex. An exchange language is the language used as a medium for data exchange in those multilingual systems which, as a matter of policy, decide to use terms selected from only one language for this purpose.

* * *

(n.) = exchange language

Ex: An exchange language is the language used as a medium for data exchange in those multilingual systems which, as a matter of policy, decide to use terms selected from only one language for this purpose.

Spanish-English dictionary > lengua de intercambio
17 terminar

v.

1 to end, to finish.

terminamos el viaje en San Francisco we ended our journey in San Francisco

¿cómo termina la historia? how does the story end o finish?

terminar con to put an end to (pobreza, corrupción)

terminar de hacer algo to finish doing something

terminar en to end in (objeto)

Ella termina la obra She finishes the play.

Ya terminé I already finished

La película acabó The film finished.

María terminó a Ricardo Mary finished=ruined Richard.

2 to finish, to split up.

¡hemos terminado! it's over!

3 to finish off, to complete, to culminate, to end off.

María terminó la gira Mary finished off the tour.

4 to end up, to wind up, to end up by.

María terminó pintando Mary ended up painting.

María terminó muy cansada Mary ended up all in.

5 to break up.

* * *

terminar

► verbo transitivo

1 (acabar) to finish, complete

■ ha terminado la novela he's finished the novel

2 (dar fin) to end

■ los resultados terminaron su mandato the results ended his term of office

► verbo intransitivo

1 (acabar) to finish, end

■ terminó a las cuatro it finished at four

■ termina en dos it ends with a two

■ he terminado de leer I've finished reading

2 (acabar de) to have just (de, -)

■ termina de marchar he has just left

3 (final de una acción, de un estado) to end up

■ terminó marchándose he ended up leaving

■ terminó por marcharse he ended up leaving

■ terminó loco he went mad

4 (eliminar) to put an end ( con, to)

■ quieren terminar con la violencia they want to put an end to violence

5 (estropear) to damage ( con, -), ruin ( con, -)

■ la lluvia terminó con la cosecha the rain damaged the crops

6 (reñir) to break up ( con, with)

■ ha terminado con su novio she's broken up with her boyfriend

7 (enfermedad) to come to the final stage

► verbo pronominal terminarse

1 (acabarse) to finish, end, be over

■ la reunión se ha terminado the meeting is over

2 (agotarse) to run out

■ se ha terminado el azúcar the sugar has run out

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

terminar bien to have a happy ending

terminar mal (historia) to have an unhappy ending 2 (personas - relación) to end up on bad terms 3 (- destino) to come to a sticky end

* * *

verb

1) to end

2) conclude

3) complete

4) finish

5) expire

* * *

1.

VT to finish

he terminado el libro — I've finished the book

no me ha dado tiempo a terminar el vestido — I haven't had time to finish the dress

quiso terminar sus días en Marbella — she wanted to end her days in Marbella

2. VI

1) [persona]

a) [en una acción, un trabajo] to finish

¿todavía no has terminado? — haven't you finished yet?

¿quieres dejar que termine? — would you mind letting me finish?

• terminar de hacer algo — to finish doing sth, stop doing sth

cuando termine de hablar — when he finishes o stops speaking

terminó de llenar el vaso con helado — he topped o filled the glass up with ice-cream

terminaba de salir del baño — she had just got out of the bath

• no termino de entender por qué lo hizo — I just can't understand why she did it

no me cae mal, pero no termina de convencerme — I don't dislike him, but I'm not too sure about him

b) [de una forma determinada] to end up

terminé rendido — I ended up exhausted

terminaron peleándose — they ended up fighting

terminó mal — he ended up badly

terminó diciendo que... — he ended by saying that...

c)

• terminar con, han terminado con todas las provisiones — they've finished off all the supplies

hace falta algo que termine con el problema del paro — we need something to put an end to the problem of unemployment

un cáncer terminó con su vida — cancer killed him

he terminado con Andrés — I've broken up with o finished with Andrés

¡estos niños van a terminar conmigo! — these children will be the death of me!

d)

• terminar por hacer algo — to end up doing sth

seguro que terminará por dimitir — I bet he ends up resigning

2) [obra, acto] to end

¿cómo termina la película? — how does the film end?

la ceremonia terminó con un baile — the ceremony ended with a dance

esto va a terminar en tragedia — this will end in tragedy

estoy deseando que termine este año — I can't wait for this year to be over o to end

¿a qué hora termina la clase? — what time does the class finish o end?

3) [objeto, palabra]

• terminar en algo — to end in sth

termina en punta — it ends in a point

termina en vocal — it ends in o with a vowel

4) (Inform) to quit

3.

See:

terminarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo <trabajo/estudio> to finish; <casa/obras> to finish, complete

terminó sus días en Sicilia — he ended his days in Sicily

dar por terminado algo — <discusión/conflicto> to put an end to something

dieron por terminada la sesión — they brought the session to a close

termina esa sopa — finish up that soup
2.
terminar vi

1) persona

a) ( de hacer algo) to finish

terminar DE + INF — to finish -ing

déjame terminar de hablar — let me finish (speaking)

salió nada más terminar de comer — he went out as soon as he'd finished eating

b) (en estado, situación) to end up

terminé muy cansada — I ended up feeling very tired

va a terminar mal — he's going to come to a bad end

terminar DE algo: terminó de camarero he ended up (working) as a waiter; terminar + GER or terminar POR + INF to end up -ing; terminó marchándose or por marcharse — he ended up leaving

2)

a) reunión/situación to end, come to an end

todo ha terminado — it's all over

el caso terminó en los tribunales — the case ended up in court

esto va a terminar mal — this is going to turn out o end badly

y para terminar nos sirvieron... — and to finish we had...

b) ( rematar)

terminar EN algo — to end in something

la palabra termina en consonante — the word ends in a consonant

3) terminar con

a) (acabar, consumir)

terminar con algo — <con libro/tarea> to finish with something; <con problema/abuso> to put an end to something

terminaron con todo lo que había en la nevera — they polished off everything in the fridge

b)

terminar con alguien — ( pelearse) to finish with somebody; ( destruir) to kill somebody

ocho años de cárcel terminaron con él — eight years in prison destroyed him

4) ( llegar a)

terminar DE + INF: no termina de convencerme I'm not totally convinced; no terminaba de gustarle — she wasn't totally happy about it
3.
terminarse v pron

1) azúcar/pan to run out; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me terminó la lana — I've run out of wool

2) curso/reunión to come to an end, be over

3) (enf) <libro/comida> to finish, polish off

* * *

= be over, cease, conclude, discontinue, end, end up, exit, quit, see through + to its completion, terminate, finish up, break up, finish, wind up (in/at), get through, call it quits, carry through to + completion, finish off, top + Nombre + off, wind down, close + the book on.

Ex. Alternatively, the loan policy may be changed to make documents due when the vacation is over.

Ex. After collection has ceased (because a point of diminishing returns appears to have been reached), the cards must be put into groups of 'like' terms.

Ex. Thus chapter 21 concludes with a number of special rules.

Ex. Systems like OCLC are going from classical catalogs in the direction of online catalogs, and at least one institution on the OCLC system has discontinued adding cards to its catalog.

Ex. Each field also ends with a special delimiter, which signals the end of the fields.

Ex. But if you have a certain feeling about language, then language ends up becoming very, very important.

Ex. Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.

Ex. If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.

Ex. I would like to thank all those who at various times throughout the course of the project assisted so ably in seeing the work through to its completion.

Ex. An SDI profile can be terminated at any future time by the commands.

Ex. In trying to get the best of both worlds, we may have finished up with the worst.

Ex. Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.

Ex. Activities can be plotted to allow the librarian to determine the most expeditious route that can be taken to finish the event.

Ex. Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.

Ex. Some children cannot get through a longer story or novel in less time.

Ex. 'Professional people don't live by the clock: you wouldn't tell a doctor or a lawyer that he couldn't make a decision to call it quits on a particular day'.

Ex. The author discusses the development process which began with a concept, continued with the formulation of objectives, and has been carried through to completion.

Ex. His statement is a serious threat to the cooperative sector and was aimed at finishing off the movement.

Ex. Top it off with spicy yacamole and it's worth the nosh.

Ex. As President Bush's second term winds down, this is no time for him to be making trouble for his successor.

Ex. Obama, who tries to steer clear of the political thicket of race and politics, accepted the apology and said he wanted to close the book on the episode.

----

* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.

* estar terminándose = be on + Posesivo + last legs, be on the way out.

* no terminar nunca de tener problemas con = have + no end of problems with.

* para terminar = in closing.

* sin terminar = unfinished.

* terminar con Algo = be done with it.

* terminar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.

* terminar con una nota de optimismo = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* terminar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* terminar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* terminar de + Infinitivo = complete + Gerundio.

* terminar de trabajar = clock off + work.

* terminar en empate = end in + a draw, result in + a draw.

* terminar en un tono + Adjetivo = end on + a + Adjetivo + note.

* terminar formando parte de = find + Posesivo + way into/onto.

* terminar la jornada laboral = clock off + work.

* terminar los estudios = graduate.

* terminar mal = come to + a bad end.

* terminar mejor de lo que + empezar = end up on + a high note.

* terminar repentinamente = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt end.

* terminarse = draw to + a close, run + short (of), be gone, come to + an end, draw to + an end, be all gone.

* terminarse el tiempo = time + run out.

* terminarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.

* terminar turno de trabajo = come off + duty.

* terminar un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo <trabajo/estudio> to finish; <casa/obras> to finish, complete

terminó sus días en Sicilia — he ended his days in Sicily

dar por terminado algo — <discusión/conflicto> to put an end to something

dieron por terminada la sesión — they brought the session to a close

termina esa sopa — finish up that soup
2.
terminar vi

1) persona

a) ( de hacer algo) to finish

terminar DE + INF — to finish -ing

déjame terminar de hablar — let me finish (speaking)

salió nada más terminar de comer — he went out as soon as he'd finished eating

b) (en estado, situación) to end up

terminé muy cansada — I ended up feeling very tired

va a terminar mal — he's going to come to a bad end

terminar DE algo: terminó de camarero he ended up (working) as a waiter; terminar + GER or terminar POR + INF to end up -ing; terminó marchándose or por marcharse — he ended up leaving

2)

a) reunión/situación to end, come to an end

todo ha terminado — it's all over

el caso terminó en los tribunales — the case ended up in court

esto va a terminar mal — this is going to turn out o end badly

y para terminar nos sirvieron... — and to finish we had...

b) ( rematar)

terminar EN algo — to end in something

la palabra termina en consonante — the word ends in a consonant

3) terminar con

a) (acabar, consumir)

terminar con algo — <con libro/tarea> to finish with something; <con problema/abuso> to put an end to something

terminaron con todo lo que había en la nevera — they polished off everything in the fridge

b)

terminar con alguien — ( pelearse) to finish with somebody; ( destruir) to kill somebody

ocho años de cárcel terminaron con él — eight years in prison destroyed him

4) ( llegar a)

terminar DE + INF: no termina de convencerme I'm not totally convinced; no terminaba de gustarle — she wasn't totally happy about it
3.
terminarse v pron

1) azúcar/pan to run out; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me terminó la lana — I've run out of wool

2) curso/reunión to come to an end, be over

3) (enf) <libro/comida> to finish, polish off

* * *

= be over, cease, conclude, discontinue, end, end up, exit, quit, see through + to its completion, terminate, finish up, break up, finish, wind up (in/at), get through, call it quits, carry through to + completion, finish off, top + Nombre + off, wind down, close + the book on.

Ex: Alternatively, the loan policy may be changed to make documents due when the vacation is over.

Ex: After collection has ceased (because a point of diminishing returns appears to have been reached), the cards must be put into groups of 'like' terms.

Ex: Thus chapter 21 concludes with a number of special rules.

Ex: Systems like OCLC are going from classical catalogs in the direction of online catalogs, and at least one institution on the OCLC system has discontinued adding cards to its catalog.

Ex: Each field also ends with a special delimiter, which signals the end of the fields.

Ex: But if you have a certain feeling about language, then language ends up becoming very, very important.

Ex: Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.

Ex: If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.

Ex: I would like to thank all those who at various times throughout the course of the project assisted so ably in seeing the work through to its completion.

Ex: An SDI profile can be terminated at any future time by the commands.

Ex: In trying to get the best of both worlds, we may have finished up with the worst.

Ex: Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.

Ex: Activities can be plotted to allow the librarian to determine the most expeditious route that can be taken to finish the event.

Ex: Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.

Ex: Some children cannot get through a longer story or novel in less time.

Ex: 'Professional people don't live by the clock: you wouldn't tell a doctor or a lawyer that he couldn't make a decision to call it quits on a particular day'.

Ex: The author discusses the development process which began with a concept, continued with the formulation of objectives, and has been carried through to completion.

Ex: His statement is a serious threat to the cooperative sector and was aimed at finishing off the movement.

Ex: Top it off with spicy yacamole and it's worth the nosh.

Ex: As President Bush's second term winds down, this is no time for him to be making trouble for his successor.

Ex: Obama, who tries to steer clear of the political thicket of race and politics, accepted the apology and said he wanted to close the book on the episode.

* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.

* estar terminándose = be on + Posesivo + last legs, be on the way out.

* no terminar nunca de tener problemas con = have + no end of problems with.

* para terminar = in closing.

* sin terminar = unfinished.

* terminar con Algo = be done with it.

* terminar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.

* terminar con una nota de optimismo = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* terminar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* terminar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).

* terminar de + Infinitivo = complete + Gerundio.

* terminar de trabajar = clock off + work.

* terminar en empate = end in + a draw, result in + a draw.

* terminar en un tono + Adjetivo = end on + a + Adjetivo + note.

* terminar formando parte de = find + Posesivo + way into/onto.

* terminar la jornada laboral = clock off + work.

* terminar los estudios = graduate.

* terminar mal = come to + a bad end.

* terminar mejor de lo que + empezar = end up on + a high note.

* terminar repentinamente = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt end.

* terminarse = draw to + a close, run + short (of), be gone, come to + an end, draw to + an end, be all gone.

* terminarse el tiempo = time + run out.

* terminarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.

* terminar turno de trabajo = come off + duty.

* terminar un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.

* * *

terminar [A1 ]

vt

‹trabajo/estudio› to finish

¿has terminado el libro que te presté? have you finished the book I lent you?

no han terminado las obras they haven't finished o completed the work

terminó el viaje en La Paz he ended his journey in La Paz, his journey finished in La Paz

terminó sus días en Sicilia he ended his days in Sicily

dieron por terminada la sesión they brought the session to a close

este año no pudimos terminar el programa we didn't manage to get through o finish o complete the syllabus this year

termina esa sopa inmediatamente finish up that soup at once

puedes terminarlo, nosotros ya comimos you can finish it off, we've already had some

terminala/termínenla ( RPl fam); stop it!, cut it out! ( colloq)

■ terminar

vi

A «persona»

1 (de hacer algo) to finish

termina de una vez hurry up and finish

terminar DE + INF to finish -ING

estoy terminando de leerlo I'm reading the last few pages, I'm coming to the end of it, I've nearly finished reading it

déjame terminar de hablar let me finish (speaking)

salió nada más terminar de comer he went out as soon as he'd finished eating

2 (en un estado, una situación) to end up

terminé muy cansada I ended up feeling very tired

va a terminar mal he's going to come to a bad end

terminar DE algo:

terminó de camarero en Miami he ended up (working) as a waiter in Miami

terminar + GER or terminar POR + INF to end up -ING

terminará aceptando or por aceptar la oferta she'll end up accepting the offer, she'll accept the offer in the end

B

1 «reunión/situación» to end, come to an end

al terminar la clase when the class ended, at the end of the class

llegamos cuando todo había terminado we arrived when it was all over

el caso terminó en los tribunales the case ended up in court

esto va a terminar mal this is going to turn out o end badly

la historia termina bien the story has a happy ending

las huellas terminan aquí the tracks end o stop here

y para terminar nos sirvieron un excelente coñac and to finish we had an excellent brandy

2 (rematar) terminar EN algo to end IN sth

palabras que terminan en consonante words that end in a consonant

zapatos terminados en punta pointed shoes o shoes with pointed toes

C terminar con

1

(agotar, acabar): terminaron con todo lo que había en la nevera they polished off everything in the fridge

terminó con su salud it ruined his health

ocho años de cárcel terminaron con él eight years in prison destroyed him

una solución que termine con el problema a solution that will put an end to the problem

2 (pelearse) terminar CON algn to finish WITH sb

ha terminado con el novio she's finished with o split up with her boyfriend

D (llegar a) terminar DE + INF:

no termina de convencerme I'm not totally convinced

no terminaba de gustarle she wasn't totally happy about it

■ terminarse

v pron

A «azúcar/pan» to run out

el café se ha terminado we've run out of coffee, the coffee's run out

(+ me/te/le etc): se me terminó la lana azul I've run out of blue wool

se nos han terminado, señora we've run out (of them), madam o we've sold out, madam

B «curso/reunión» to come to an end, be over

otro año que se termina another year comes to an end o another year is over

se terminó la discusión, aquí el que manda soy yo that's the end of the argument, I'm in charge here

C ( enf) ‹libro/comida› to finish, polish off

* * *

terminar ( conjugate terminar) verbo transitivo ‹trabajo/estudio› to finish;
‹casa/obras› to finish, complete;
‹discusión/conflicto› to put an end to;
◊ termina esa sopa finish up that soup;

terminar la comida con un café to end the meal with a cup of coffee
verbo intransitivo
1 [ persona]
a) ( de hacer algo) to finish;

terminar de hacer algo to finish doing sth;
◊ déjame terminar de hablar let me finish (speaking)

b) (en estado, situación) to end up;

◊ terminé muy cansada I ended up feeling very tired;

va a terminar mal he's going to come to a bad end;
terminó marchándose or por marcharse he ended up leaving
2
a) [reunión/situación] to end, come to an end;

◊ al terminar la clase when the class ended;

esto va a terminar mal this is going to turn out o end badly
b) ( rematar) terminar EN algo to end in sth;

◊ termina en consonante it ends in a consonant

c) ( llegar a):

◊ no termina de convencerme I'm not totally convinced;

no terminaba de gustarle she wasn't totally happy about it
3
◊ terminar con

a) ( acabar) terminar con algo ‹con libro/tarea› to finish with sth;

‹con problema/abuso› to put an end to sth
b) terminar con algn ( pelearse) to finish with sb;

( matar) to kill sb
terminarse verbo pronominal
1 [azúcar/pan] to run out;
◊ se me terminó la lana I've run out of wool

2 [curso/reunión] to come to an end, be over
3 ( enf) ‹libro/comida› to finish, polish off
terminar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una tarea, objeto) to finish: ya terminó el jersey, she has already finished the pullover ➣ Ver nota en finish 2 (de comer, beber, gastar) to finish: te compraré otro cuando termines este frasco, I'll buy you another one when you finish this bottle
II verbo intransitivo
1 (cesar, poner fin) to finish, end: mi trabajo termina a las seis, I finish work at six o'clock
no termina de creérselo, he still can't believe it
(dejar de necesitar, utilizar) ¿has terminado con el ordenador?, have you finished with the computer?
(acabar la vida, carrera, etc) to end up: terminó amargada, she ended up being embittered
2 (eliminar, acabar) este niño terminará con mi paciencia, this boy is trying my patience
tenemos que terminar con esta situación, we have to put an end to this situation
3 (estar rematado) to end: termina en vocal, it ends with a vowel
terminaba en punta, it had a pointed end
' terminar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
egresar
- emplear
- enterrar
- fijarse
- frenesí
- gastar
- parar
- rematar
- sin
- ventilarse
- zanjar
- acabar
- completar
- concluir
- faltar
- hasta
- medio
- mucho
- para
- pelear
- por
- último
English:
break up
- cease
- charge off
- clock
- close
- complete
- cooperation
- crop up
- drink up
- eat up
- end
- end up
- expire
- finish
- finish off
- finish up
- finish with
- get through
- graduate
- knock off
- leeway
- near
- stop
- time limit
- vain
- wind up
- and
- break
- concentrate
- conclude
- draw
- drink
- eat
- finished
- get
- leave
- nowhere
- round
- see
- undone
- unfinished
- wind

* * *

terminar

♦ vt
[acabar] to finish;
termina la cerveza, que nos vamos finish your beer, we're going;

terminamos el viaje en San Francisco we ended our journey in San Francisco;

dar por terminado algo [discurso, reunión, discusión, visita] to bring sth to an end o a close;

está sin terminar it isn't finished;

Comp
RP Fam
¡terminala! that's enough!

♦ vi

1. [acabar] to end, to finish;
[tren, autobús, línea de metro] to stop, to terminate;
¿cómo termina la historia? how does the story end o finish?;

todo ha terminado it's all over;

deja que termine, déjame terminar [al hablar] let me finish;

terminar con la pobreza/la corrupción to put an end to poverty/corruption;

¿has terminado con las tijeras? have o are you finished with the scissors?;

han terminado con toda la leche que quedaba they've finished off o used up all the milk that was left;

terminar con algo/alguien [arruinar, destruir] to destroy sth/sb;
[matar] to kill sth/sb;
terminar de hacer algo to finish doing sth;

terminamos de desayunar a las nueve we finished having breakfast at nine;

terminar en [objeto] to end in;

termina en punta it ends in a point;

las sílabas que terminan en vocal syllables that end in a vowel;

para terminar, debo agradecer… [en discurso] finally, I would like to thank…

2. [reñir] to finish, to split up ( con with);
¡hemos terminado! it's over!

3. [en cierto estado o situación] to end up;

terminamos de mal humor/un poco deprimidos we ended up in a bad mood/(feeling) rather depressed;

terminó loco he ended up going mad;

vas a terminar odiando la física you'll end up hating physics;

este chico terminará mal this boy will come to a bad end;

este asunto terminará mal no good will come of this matter;

terminó de camarero/en la cárcel he ended up as a waiter/in jail;

la discusión terminó en pelea the argument ended in a fight;

terminar por hacer algo to end up doing sth

4. [llegar a]
no termino de entender lo que quieres decir I still can't quite understand what you mean;

no terminábamos de ponernos de acuerdo we couldn't quite seem to come to an agreement;

no termina de gustarme I'm not crazy about it

♦ See also the pronominal verb terminarse

* * *

terminar

I v/t end, finish

II v/i

1 end, finish;

terminar con algo/alguien finish with sth/s.o.;

terminar de hacer algo finish doing sth

2 ( parar) stop

3

:

terminar por hacer algo end up doing sth

* * *

terminar vt

1) concluir: to end, to conclude

2) acabar: to complete, to finish off

terminar vi

1) : to finish

2) : to stop, to end

♦ See also the reflexive verb terminarse

* * *

terminar vb

1. (en general) to finish

las clases terminan a las cinco de la tarde classes finish at five in the afternoon

se ha terminado la reunión the meeting has finished

2. (al final) to end up

todo terminó bien everything ended up all right

Spanish-English dictionary > terminar
18 a

prep.

1 to.

voy a Madrid I'm going to Madrid

me voy al extranjero I'm going abroad

llegó a Buenos Aires/a la fiesta he arrived in Buenos Aires/at the party

2 at (moment).

a las siete at seven o'clock

a los once años at the age of eleven

al caer la noche at nightfall

al oír la noticia se desmayó on hearing the news, she fainted

Llegué al amanecer I arrived at dawn.

3 per, every (frecuency).

40 horas a la semana 40 hours per o a week

tres veces al día three times a day

4 to.

dáselo a Ricardo give it to Ricardo

dile a Ricardo que venga tell Ricardo to come

5 to.

entró a pagar he came in to pay

aprender a nadar to learn to swim

6 by, about to, for.

* * *

A, a

► nombre femenino (pl as o aes)

1 (la letra) A, a

————————

A

► abreviatura

1 ( Alteza) Highness; (abreviatura) H

————————

A

► abreviatura

1 ( autopista) motorway; (abreviatura) M

————————

A

► símbolo

1 ( amperio) ampere, amp; (símbolo) A

* * *

prep.

1) to

2) into

3) in

4) at

5) on

6) with

* * *

SF = a (=letra) A, a

* * *

a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a

* * *

= for, per, to.

Ex. The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.

Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.

----

* a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.

* a alguna parte = someplace.

* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.

* a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.

* a ambos lados de = on either side of.

* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.

* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.

* a años luz de = light years away from.

* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.

* a bajo coste = low-cost.

* a bajo costo = low-cost.

* a bajo nivel = low-level.

* a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.

* a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.

* a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* a base de cometer errores = the hard way.

* a base de errores = the hard way.

* a boca de jarro = at close range.

* a bocajarro = point blank.

* a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.

* a bordo = aboard, on board ship.

* a bordo de = aboard, onboard.

* a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.

* a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.

* a caballo = on horseback, astride.

* a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.

* a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....

* a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.

* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.

* a cambio = in return.

* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.

* a cambio de nada = for nothing.

* a cántaros = cats and dogs.

* a cargo = in the saddle.

* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).

* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.

* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.

* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.

* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.

* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.

* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.

* a chorros = profusely.

* a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.

* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.

* a cierta distancia = some distance away.

* a cierta distancia de = off.

* a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.

* a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.

* a cobro revertido = reverse charges.

* a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.

* a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.

* a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.

* a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.

* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.

* a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.

* a continuación se enumeran = given below.

* a contracorriente = against the grain.

* a contraluz = against the light.

* a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.

* a coro = with one voice, in unison.

* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.

* a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.

* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.

* a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a costa de otros = at other people's expense.

* a criterio de = at the discretion of.

* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.

* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.

* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.

* a cuatro aguas = hipped.

* a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.

* a cuenta de = at the expense of.

* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.

* a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.

* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.

* a cuestas = in tow.

* a decir de todos = by all accounts.

* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.

* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....

* a demanda = pro re nata.

* a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.

* a día de hoy = as of today.

* a diario = every day.

* a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.

* a dieta = on a diet.

* a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).

* a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.

* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* a discreción = at will, no holds barred.

* a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.

* a disposición de = at the disposal of.

* a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.

* a doble espacio = double-spaced.

* a domicilio = domiciliary.

* ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.

* ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.

* ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.

* a dos niveles = two-tier.

* a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.

* a duras penas = with great difficulty.

* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.

* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.

* a él = him.

* a ellos = them.

* a escala = drawn-to-scale.

* a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.

* a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.

* a escala natural = full-scale.

* a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.

* a eso = thereto.

* a espaldas de = out of sight of.

* a estas alturas = by now.

* a este fin = to this end.

* a este paso = at this rate.

* a este respecto = in this respect.

* a este ritmo = at this rate.

* a estrenar = brand new.

* a examen = under the microscope.

* a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.

* a excepción de que = except that.

* a excepción de uno = with one exception.

* a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.

* a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.

* a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.

* a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.

* a favor = in favour.

* a favor de = in favour of.

* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.

* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.

* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].

* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.

* a favor y en contra = pro and con.

* a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.

* a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.

* a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.

* a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.

* a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.

* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.

* a fondo perdido = non-refundable.

* ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.

* a fuerza de = by dint of.

* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.

* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.

* a gas = gas-powered.

* a gatas = on all fours.

* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.

* a granel = in bulk.

* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.

* a gran velocidad = at great speed.

* a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* a gritos = vociferously.

* a groso modo = crudely.

* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.

* a gusto = at ease, at leisure.

* a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.

* a horcajadas = astride.

* a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.

* a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].

* a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.

* a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.

* a instancia de = at the urging of.

* a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.

* a intervalos = at intervals.

* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.

* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.

* a invitación de = at the invitation of.

* a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* a juicio = on trial.

* a juicio público = in the public eye.

* a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.

* a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].

* a la alcaldía = mayoral.

* a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.

* a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.

* a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.

* a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.

* a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.

* a la anochecida = at nightfall.

* a la antigua = old-style.

* a la antigua usanza = old-style.

* a la atención de = c/o (care of).

* a la baja = on the wane.

* a la brasa = grilled.

* a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.

* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.

* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.

* a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.

* a la carta = a la carte.

* a la defensiva = on the defensive.

* a la derecha = at the right.

* a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.

* a la deriva = rudderless.

* a la discreción de = at the discretion of.

* a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.

* a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.

* a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.

* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.

* a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.

* a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.

* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.

* a la hora del café = at coffee.

* a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.

* a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.

* a la izquierda = at the left.

* a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.

* a la ligera = lightly.

* a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.

* a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.

* a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.

* a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.

* a la luz del día = in the light of day.

* a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.

* a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.

* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.

* a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].

* a la onda = in the know.

* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.

* a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.

* a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.

* a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.

* a la perfección = superbly.

* a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.

* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.

* a la salida = on the way out.

* a la sazón = at that time.

* a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.

* a la semana = a week, per week.

* a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.

* a la sombra de = in the shadow of.

* a las puertas de = on the threshold of.

* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.

* a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.

* a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.

* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.

* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.

* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.

* a la venta = on release.

* a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.

* a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.

* a la vista = in sight, within sight.

* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.

* a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.

* a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.

* al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.

* al extremo norte = northernmost.

* al extremo oeste = westernmost.

* al hacer esto = in doing so.

* al norte del estado = upstate.

* a lo extremo = to the extreme.

* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.

* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.

* a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.

* a lo largo de la historia = over time.

* a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.

* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.

* a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.

* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].

* a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* a lo lejos = in the distance.

* a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.

* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.

* a lo mejor = perhaps.

* a lo que salga = come what may.

* a los ojos de = in the eyes of.

* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.

* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.

* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.

* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.

* a lo zombi = zombielike.

* a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.

* a mano alzada = by a show of hands.

* a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.

* a manojos = by the handful.

* a manos de = at the hands of.

* a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.

* a mares = cats and dogs.

* a más largo plazo = longer-term.

* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....

* a más tardar = at the latest.

* a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.

* a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.

* a mediados de = in the middle decades of.

* a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.

* a mediados de semana = midweek.

* a media jornada = half-time [half time].

* a media mañana = mid-morning.

* a medianoche = at midnight.

* a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.

* a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.

* a medida = custom, bespoke.

* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.

* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).

* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.

* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medio abrir = half-opened.

* a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].

* a medio comprender = half-understood.

* a medio formar = half-formed.

* a medio fuego = medium heat.

* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.

* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].

* a medio rimar = half-rhymed.

* a medio vestir = half dressed.

* a menor escala = at a reduced rate.

* a menos que = unless, short of.

* a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].

* a merced de = at the mercy of.

* a mí = me.

* a mi entender = to my mind.

* a mi modo de ver = in my books.

* a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.

* a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.

* a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].

* a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....

* a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....

* a mitad de precio = at half price.

* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.

* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.

* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.

* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.

* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.

* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.

* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.

* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.

* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.

* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.

* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.

* a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].

* a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].

* a montones = in droves, by the sackful.

* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.

* a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.

* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.

* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.

* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.

* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* a nivel federal = federally, federally.

* a nivel individual = privately.

* a nivel local = locally, domestically.

* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].

* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.

* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].

* a nivel privado = privately.

* a nivel regional = regionally.

* a nombre de = payable to.

* a no ser que = unless.

* a nosotros = us.

* a ojo = ocular.

* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* a orillas del océano = oceanfront.

* a orillas del río = riverfront.

* a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.

* a otro sitio = somewhere else.

* a pares = in pairs.

* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).

* a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.

* a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.

* a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.

* a partir de aquí = hereupon.

* a partir de ello = therefrom.

* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.

* a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.

* a partir de este momento = hereinafter.

* a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.

* a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.

* a partir de hoy = as from today.

* a partir de la medianoche = late night.

* a partir de los títulos = title-based.

* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.

* a paso ligero = on the double.

* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.

* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.

* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].

* a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.

* a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.

* a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.

* a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.

* a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.

* a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.

* a petición popular = by popular demand.

* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.

* a pilas = battery-operated.

* a pique = sinking.

* a placer = at will.

* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.

* a poca distancia = not far behind.

* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.

* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a porrillo = by the handful.

* a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.

* a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.

* a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.

* a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.

* a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.

* a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.

* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.

* a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.

* a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.

* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.

* a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.

* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.

* a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.

* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.

* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.

* a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.

* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.

* a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.

* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.

* a precio de ganga = at a steal.

* a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.

* a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).

* a precio reducido = at a discount.

* a precios competitivos = competitively priced.

* a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.

* a precios razonables = at affordable prices.

* a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].

* a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.

* a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.

* a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.

* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.

* a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.

* a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.

* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.

* a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.

* a prisa = quickly.

* a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.

* a propósito de = apropos of.

* a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.

* a prueba = on trial.

* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.

* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.

* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.

* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].

* a prueba de niños = childproof.

* a prueba de robos = theft proof.

* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.

* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].

* a prueba de viento = windproof.

* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.

* a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.

* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.

* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.

* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.

* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.

* a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.

* a quemarropa = point blank.

* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.

* a quienquiera que = whomever.

* a rachas = by fits and starts.

* a ráfagas = in bursts.

* a raíz de = in the wake of.

* a rajatabla = to the letter.

* a ras de = flush with.

* a ras de la calle = ground-floor.

* a ras del suelo = at ground level.

* a rastras = in tow.

* a ratos = intermittently.

* a reacción = jet-assisted.

* a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.

* a régimen = on a diet.

* a remolque = in tow.

* a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* a saber = namely, viz, to wit.

* a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].

* a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.

* a sacudidas = jerkily.

* a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].

* a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.

* a sangre fría = cold-blooded.

* a ser posible = if possible.

* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.

* a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.

* a sueldo = paid.

* a su precio normal = at full price.

* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.

* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.

* a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.

* a tal efecto = to this effect.

* a tales efectos = hereto.

* a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.

* a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.

* a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.

* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.

* a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.

* a ti = you, thee.

* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.

* a tiempo completo = full-time.

* a tiempo parcial = part-time.

* a tientas = in the dark.

* a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.

* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.

* a tiro = within gunshot, within range.

* a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].

* a título de = by way of, for the sake of.

* a título gratuito = gratuitous.

* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.

* a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.

* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.

* a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a toda prueba = unswerving.

* a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.

* a todas luces = patently.

* a todas partes = far and wide.

* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a todo alrededor = all round.

* a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.

* a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a todo lo largo de = the length of.

* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.

* a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.

* a todos lados = far and wide.

* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.

* a todos los niveles = at all levels.

* a todos nosotros = us all.

* a todos por igual = one size fits all.

* a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a todo volumen = at full blast.

* a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.

* a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.

* a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.

* a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.

* a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.

* a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.

* a través de la historia = over time.

* a través de la TI = IT-enabled.

* a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.

* a través de los años = over the years, down the years.

* a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.

* a través de los siglos = over the centuries.

* a través del teléfono = call-in.

* a través del tiempo = over time.

* a través de operador = operator-assisted.

* a tres bandas = three pronged.

* a tres niveles = three-tiered.

* a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.

* a trompicones = by fits and starts.

* a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.

* a trozos = piecewise.

* ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.

* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.

* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.

[b]* a últ

* * *

a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a

* * *

= for, per, to.

Ex: The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.

Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.

* a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.

* a alguna parte = someplace.

* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.

* a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.

* a ambos lados de = on either side of.

* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.

* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.

* a años luz de = light years away from.

* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.

* a bajo coste = low-cost.

* a bajo costo = low-cost.

* a bajo nivel = low-level.

* a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.

* a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.

* a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* a base de cometer errores = the hard way.

* a base de errores = the hard way.

* a boca de jarro = at close range.

* a bocajarro = point blank.

* a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.

* a bordo = aboard, on board ship.

* a bordo de = aboard, onboard.

* a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.

* a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.

* a caballo = on horseback, astride.

* a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.

* a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....

* a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.

* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.

* a cambio = in return.

* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.

* a cambio de nada = for nothing.

* a cántaros = cats and dogs.

* a cargo = in the saddle.

* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).

* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.

* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.

* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.

* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.

* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.

* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.

* a chorros = profusely.

* a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.

* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.

* a cierta distancia = some distance away.

* a cierta distancia de = off.

* a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.

* a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.

* a cobro revertido = reverse charges.

* a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.

* a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.

* a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.

* a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.

* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.

* a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.

* a continuación se enumeran = given below.

* a contracorriente = against the grain.

* a contraluz = against the light.

* a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.

* a coro = with one voice, in unison.

* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.

* a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.

* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.

* a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a costa de otros = at other people's expense.

* a criterio de = at the discretion of.

* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.

* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.

* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.

* a cuatro aguas = hipped.

* a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.

* a cuenta de = at the expense of.

* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.

* a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.

* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.

* a cuestas = in tow.

* a decir de todos = by all accounts.

* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.

* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....

* a demanda = pro re nata.

* a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.

* a día de hoy = as of today.

* a diario = every day.

* a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.

* a dieta = on a diet.

* a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).

* a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.

* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* a discreción = at will, no holds barred.

* a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.

* a disposición de = at the disposal of.

* a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.

* a doble espacio = double-spaced.

* a domicilio = domiciliary.

* ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.

* ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.

* ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.

* a dos niveles = two-tier.

* a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.

* a duras penas = with great difficulty.

* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.

* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.

* a él = him.

* a ellos = them.

* a escala = drawn-to-scale.

* a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.

* a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.

* a escala natural = full-scale.

* a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.

* a eso = thereto.

* a espaldas de = out of sight of.

* a estas alturas = by now.

* a este fin = to this end.

* a este paso = at this rate.

* a este respecto = in this respect.

* a este ritmo = at this rate.

* a estrenar = brand new.

* a examen = under the microscope.

* a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.

* a excepción de que = except that.

* a excepción de uno = with one exception.

* a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.

* a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.

* a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.

* a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.

* a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.

* a favor = in favour.

* a favor de = in favour of.

* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.

* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.

* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].

* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.

* a favor y en contra = pro and con.

* a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.

* a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.

* a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.

* a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.

* a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.

* a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.

* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.

* a fondo perdido = non-refundable.

* ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.

* a fuerza de = by dint of.

* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.

* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.

* a gas = gas-powered.

* a gatas = on all fours.

* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.

* a granel = in bulk.

* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.

* a gran velocidad = at great speed.

* a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.

* a gritos = vociferously.

* a groso modo = crudely.

* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.

* a gusto = at ease, at leisure.

* a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.

* a horcajadas = astride.

* a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.

* a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].

* a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.

* a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.

* a instancia de = at the urging of.

* a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.

* a intervalos = at intervals.

* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.

* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.

* a invitación de = at the invitation of.

* a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* a juicio = on trial.

* a juicio público = in the public eye.

* a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.

* a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].

* a la alcaldía = mayoral.

* a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.

* a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.

* a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.

* a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.

* a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.

* a la anochecida = at nightfall.

* a la antigua = old-style.

* a la antigua usanza = old-style.

* a la atención de = c/o (care of).

* a la baja = on the wane.

* a la brasa = grilled.

* a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.

* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.

* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.

* a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.

* a la carta = a la carte.

* a la defensiva = on the defensive.

* a la derecha = at the right.

* a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.

* a la deriva = rudderless.

* a la discreción de = at the discretion of.

* a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.

* a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.

* a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.

* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.

* a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.

* a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.

* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.

* a la hora del café = at coffee.

* a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.

* a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.

* a la izquierda = at the left.

* a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.

* a la ligera = lightly.

* a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.

* a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.

* a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.

* a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.

* a la luz del día = in the light of day.

* a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.

* a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.

* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.

* a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].

* a la onda = in the know.

* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.

* a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.

* a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.

* a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.

* a la perfección = superbly.

* a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.

* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.

* a la salida = on the way out.

* a la sazón = at that time.

* a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.

* a la semana = a week, per week.

* a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.

* a la sombra de = in the shadow of.

* a las puertas de = on the threshold of.

* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.

* a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.

* a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.

* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.

* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.

* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.

* a la venta = on release.

* a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.

* a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.

* a la vista = in sight, within sight.

* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.

* a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.

* a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.

* al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.

* al extremo norte = northernmost.

* al extremo oeste = westernmost.

* al hacer esto = in doing so.

* al norte del estado = upstate.

* a lo extremo = to the extreme.

* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.

* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.

* a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.

* a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.

* a lo largo de la historia = over time.

* a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.

* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.

* a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.

* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].

* a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* a lo lejos = in the distance.

* a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.

* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.

* a lo mejor = perhaps.

* a lo que salga = come what may.

* a los ojos de = in the eyes of.

* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.

* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.

* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.

* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.

* a lo zombi = zombielike.

* a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.

* a mano alzada = by a show of hands.

* a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.

* a manojos = by the handful.

* a manos de = at the hands of.

* a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.

* a mares = cats and dogs.

* a más largo plazo = longer-term.

* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....

* a más tardar = at the latest.

* a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.

* a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.

* a mediados de = in the middle decades of.

* a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.

* a mediados de semana = midweek.

* a media jornada = half-time [half time].

* a media mañana = mid-morning.

* a medianoche = at midnight.

* a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.

* a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.

* a medida = custom, bespoke.

* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.

* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).

* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.

* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.

* a medio abrir = half-opened.

* a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].

* a medio comprender = half-understood.

* a medio formar = half-formed.

* a medio fuego = medium heat.

* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.

* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].

* a medio rimar = half-rhymed.

* a medio vestir = half dressed.

* a menor escala = at a reduced rate.

* a menos que = unless, short of.

* a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].

* a merced de = at the mercy of.

* a mí = me.

* a mi entender = to my mind.

* a mi modo de ver = in my books.

* a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.

* a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.

* a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].

* a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....

* a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....

* a mitad de precio = at half price.

* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.

* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.

* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.

* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.

* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.

* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.

* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.

* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.

* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.

* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.

* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.

* a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].

* a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].

* a montones = in droves, by the sackful.

* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].

* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.

* a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.

* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.

* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.

* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.

* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* a nivel federal = federally, federally.

* a nivel individual = privately.

* a nivel local = locally, domestically.

* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].

* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.

* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].

* a nivel privado = privately.

* a nivel regional = regionally.

* a nombre de = payable to.

* a no ser que = unless.

* a nosotros = us.

* a ojo = ocular.

* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* a orillas del océano = oceanfront.

* a orillas del río = riverfront.

* a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.

* a otro sitio = somewhere else.

* a pares = in pairs.

* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).

* a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.

* a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.

* a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.

* a partir de aquí = hereupon.

* a partir de ello = therefrom.

* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.

* a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.

* a partir de este momento = hereinafter.

* a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.

* a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.

* a partir de hoy = as from today.

* a partir de la medianoche = late night.

* a partir de los títulos = title-based.

* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.

* a paso ligero = on the double.

* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.

* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.

* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].

* a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.

* a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.

* a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.

* a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.

* a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.

* a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.

* a petición popular = by popular demand.

* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.

* a pilas = battery-operated.

* a pique = sinking.

* a placer = at will.

* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.

* a poca distancia = not far behind.

* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.

* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.

* a porrillo = by the handful.

* a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.

* a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.

* a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.

* a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.

* a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.

* a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.

* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.

* a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.

* a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.

* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.

* a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.

* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.

* a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.

* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.

* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.

* a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.

* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.

* a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.

* a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.

* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.

* a precio de ganga = at a steal.

* a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.

* a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).

* a precio reducido = at a discount.

* a precios competitivos = competitively priced.

* a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.

* a precios razonables = at affordable prices.

* a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].

* a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.

* a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.

* a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.

* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.

* a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.

* a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.

* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.

* a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.

* a prisa = quickly.

* a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.

* a propósito de = apropos of.

* a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.

* a prueba = on trial.

* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.

* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.

* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.

* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].

* a prueba de niños = childproof.

* a prueba de robos = theft proof.

* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.

* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].

* a prueba de viento = windproof.

* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.

* a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.

* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.

* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.

* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.

* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.

* a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.

* a quemarropa = point blank.

* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.

* a quienquiera que = whomever.

* a rachas = by fits and starts.

* a ráfagas = in bursts.

* a raíz de = in the wake of.

* a rajatabla = to the letter.

* a ras de = flush with.

* a ras de la calle = ground-floor.

* a ras del suelo = at ground level.

* a rastras = in tow.

* a ratos = intermittently.

* a reacción = jet-assisted.

* a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.

* a régimen = on a diet.

* a remolque = in tow.

* a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.

* a saber = namely, viz, to wit.

* a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].

* a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.

* a sacudidas = jerkily.

* a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].

* a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.

* a sangre fría = cold-blooded.

* a ser posible = if possible.

* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.

* a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.

* a sueldo = paid.

* a su precio normal = at full price.

* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.

* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.

* a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.

* a tal efecto = to this effect.

* a tales efectos = hereto.

* a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.

* a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.

* a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.

* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.

* a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.

* a ti = you, thee.

* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.

* a tiempo completo = full-time.

* a tiempo parcial = part-time.

* a tientas = in the dark.

* a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.

* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.

* a tiro = within gunshot, within range.

* a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].

* a título de = by way of, for the sake of.

* a título gratuito = gratuitous.

* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.

* a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.

* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.

* a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a toda prueba = unswerving.

* a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.

* a todas luces = patently.

* a todas partes = far and wide.

* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.

* a todo alrededor = all round.

* a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.

* a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a todo lo largo de = the length of.

* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.

* a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.

* a todos lados = far and wide.

* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.

* a todos los niveles = at all levels.

* a todos nosotros = us all.

* a todos por igual = one size fits all.

* a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.

* a todo volumen = at full blast.

* a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.

* a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.

* a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.

* a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.

* a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.

* a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.

* a través de la historia = over time.

* a través de la TI = IT-enabled.

* a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.

* a través de los años = over the years, down the years.

* a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.

* a través de los siglos = over the centuries.

* a través del teléfono = call-in.

* a través del tiempo = over time.

* a través de operador = operator-assisted.

* a tres bandas = three pronged.

* a tres niveles = three-tiered.

* a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.

* a trompicones = by fits and starts.

* a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.

* a trozos = piecewise.

* ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.

* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.

* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.

* a últ

* * *

a

prep

La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.

No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan como quien, alguien, etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, pasear al perro = to walk the dog.

En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.

A (en relaciones de espacio, lugar)

1 (indicando dirección) to

voy a México/a la fiesta I'm going to Mexico/to the party

voy a casa I'm going home

dobla a la derecha turn right

se cayó al río she fell into the river

ver tb entrar, llegar, etc

2 (indicando posición) at

estaban sentados a la mesa they were sitting at the table

a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro

se sentó al sol he sat in the sun

se sentó a mi derecha he sat down to the right of me o on my right

a la vuelta de la esquina around the corner

queda al norte de Toledo it's (to the) north of Toledo

ver tb costado, lado

3

(indicando distancia): está a diez kilómetros de aquí it's ten kilometers from here, it's ten kilometers away

está a unos 20 minutos de aquí it takes o it's about 20 minutes from here, it's a 20 minute drive ( o walk etc) from here

B (en relaciones de tiempo)

1 (señalando hora, momento, fecha) at

abren a las ocho they open at eight o'clock

¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?

a eso de las dos at around o about two o'clock

a la hora del almuerzo at lunchtime

a mediados de abril in mid-April

hoy estamos a 20 it's the 20th today

al día siguiente the next o following day

empezó a hablar a los diez meses he started talking when he was ten months old o at ten months

llegó a la mañana/noche ( RPl); he arrived in the morning/at night

2 al + INF:

se cayó al bajar del autobús she fell as she was getting off the bus

al verlo me di cuenta de que ya no lo quería when I saw him o on seeing him, I realized that I no longer loved him

al salir de la estación torcí a la izquierda I turned left out of the station

3

(indicando distancia en el tiempo): a escasos minutos de su llegada (después) just a few minutes after she arrived; (antes) just a few minutes before she arrived

trabajan de lunes a viernes/de una a cinco they work (from) Monday to Friday/from one to five

a los diez minutos del primer tiempo ten minutes into the first half o after ten minutes of the first half

estaré en París de martes a jueves I'll be in Paris from Tuesday until Thursday, I'll be in Paris Tuesday through Thursday ( AmE)

C

(en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): tres veces al día/a la semana three times a day/a week

sale a 2.000 euros por cabeza it works out at 2,000 euros per person

iban a 100 kilómetros por hora they were going (at) 100 kilometers per hour

nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us by five points to three, they beat us five three o ( AmE) five to three

D

(indicando modo, estilo): fuimos a pie/a caballo we walked/rode, we went on foot/on horseback

pollo al horno/a la brasa roast/barbecued chicken

un peinado a lo Rodolfo Valentino a Rudolph Valentino hairstyle

a crédito on credit

ilustraciones a todo color full-color illustrations

una tela a rayas a piece of striped material

E (en complementos verbales)

1

(introduciendo el complemento directo de persona): ¿viste a José? did you see José?

la policía está buscando al asesino the police are looking for the murderer

no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud

[ the personal a is only used when a specific person or persons are involved

busca una secretaria bilingüe he's looking for a bilingual secretary

]

2

(introduciendo el complemento indirecto): le escribió una carta a su padre he wrote a letter to his father, he wrote his father a letter

dáselo/dáselos a ella give it/them to her

les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English

suave al tacto soft to the touch

agradable al oído pleasing to the ear

3

(indicando procedencia): se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o ( colloq) off a gipsy

F

1 (en complementos de finalidad) to

enséñale a nadar teach him to swim

fue a preguntar he went to ask

a que + SUBJ:

los instó a que participaran he urged them to take part

voy a ir a que me hagan un chequeo I'm going to go and have a checkup

2 ( fam)

(para): ¿a qué tanta ceremonia? what's all the fuss for?

¿a qué le fuiste a decir eso? what did you go and tell him that for?

3

a por ( Esp fam): bajo a por pan I'm going down to get some bread o for some bread ( colloq)

¿quién va a ir a por los niños? who's going to fetch o get the children?

¡a por ello! go for it!

G (señalando una acción que ha de realizarse) a + INF:

los puntos a tratar en la reunión de mañana the points to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting

es una idea a tener en cuenta it's an idea to bear in mind o that should be borne in mind

total a pagar total payable

horario a convenir hours to be arranged

H

1

(en órdenes): ¡a la cama, niños! off to bed, children!

¡a callar! shut up! ( colloq)

vamos ¡a trabajar! come on, let's get some work done!

2 (con valor condicional) a + INF:

a decir verdad to tell you the truth

a juzgar por lo que tú dices judging from what you say

3 ( fam)

(en cuanto a): a tozudo no hay quien le gane when it comes to being stubborn there's nobody like him

4

(indicando causa): a petición del interesado ( frml); at the request of the interested party

al + INF:

al no saber idiomas está en desventaja as he doesn't speak any languages he is at a disadvantage, he's at a disadvantage not speaking any languages

5

(expresando desafío): ¿a que no sabes qué nota me puso? you'll never guess what mark she gave me!

tú no te atreverías — ¿a que sí? you wouldn't dare — do you want to o a bet? ( colloq)

¡a que no puedes! bet you can't! ( colloq)

* * *

Multiple Entries:
A
a
A,
◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

a preposición Nota:
La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
1
a) ( indicando dirección) to;

◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;

voy a casa I'm going home;
se cayó al río she fell into the river
b) ( indicando posición):

◊ estaban sentados a la mesa they were sitting at the table;

a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro;
se sentó al sol he sat in the sun;
se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right
c) ( indicando distancia):

◊ a diez kilómetros de aquí ten kilometers from here

2
a) (señalando hora, momento) at;

◊ a las ocho at eight o'clock;

a la hora de comer at lunch time;
¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?;
a mediados de abril in mid-April;
al día siguiente the next o following day
b) ( señalando fecha):

◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today

c) al + inf:

◊ se cayó al bajar del tren she fell as she was getting off the train;

al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news
d) ( indicando distancia en el tiempo):

◊ a escasos minutos de su llegada ( después) a few minutes after she arrived;

( antes) a few minutes before she arrived;
◊ de lunes a viernes (from) Monday to Friday

3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia):
◊ tres veces al día three times a day;

sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each;
a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour;
nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three
4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;

a crédito on credit;
funciona a pilas it runs on batteries;
a mano by hand;
a rayas striped;
vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes
5
a) ( introduciendo el complemento directo de persona):

◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;

no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud
b) ( introduciendo el complemento indirecto) to;

◊ le escribió una carta a su padre he wrote a letter to his father, he wrote his father a letter;

dáselo a ella give it to her;
les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English;
le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door
c) ( indicando procedencia):

◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

A, a f (letra) A
'A' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
a. C.
- a.m.
- abajeña
- abajeño
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonada
- abandonado
- abanico
- abarquillada
- abarquillado
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abasto
- abatida
- abatido
- abatirse
- abdicar
- aberración
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abigarrada
- abigarrado
- abigarrar
- ablandar
- ablusada
- ablusado
- abnegada
- abnegado
- abobada
- abobado
- abocada
- abocado
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abombada
- abombado
- abonar
- abonada
- abonado
- abonarse
- abono
- abordar
- abordaje
- aborregar
- abortar
- abortiva
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- abandon
- abandoned
- abide by
- ability
- abject
- abnormal
- aboard
- aborigine
- abortion
- abortive
- about
- above
- above-board
- above-mentioned
- abrasive
- abreast
- abridged
- abrupt
- absent
- absent-minded
- absolute
- absolutely
- absorbed
- abstemious
- abstract
- absurd
- abundant
- abuse
- abusive
- abysmal
- academic
- academy
- accede
- accent
- acceptable
- access
- accident-prone
- accidental
- accidentally
- acclimatized
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplish
- accomplished
- account
- account for
- accountable

* * *

A

1. (abrev de autopista) Br M, US freeway

2. (abrev de alfil) [en notación de ajedrez] B

A, a [a] nf
[letra] A, a;
Comp

si por a o por be… if for any reason…

* * *

a

prp

1 dirección to;

al este de to the east of;

a casa home;

ir a la cama/al cine go to bed/to the movies;

¡a trabajar! get to work!;

vamos a Buenos Aires we’re going to Buenos Aires;

voy a casa de Marta I’m going to Marta’s (house)

2 situación at;

a la mesa at the table;

al lado de next to;

a la derecha on the right;

al sol in the sun;

a treinta kilómetros de Cuzco thirty kilometers from Cuzco;

está a cinco kilómetros it’s five kilometers away

3 tiempo

:

¿a qué hora llegas? what time do you arrive?;

a las tres at three o’clock;

de once a doce from eleven (o’clock) to twelve;

estamos a quince de febrero it’s February fifteenth;

a los treinta años at the age of thirty;

a la llegada del tren when the train arrives

4 modo

:

a la española the Spanish way;

a mano by hand;

a pie on foot;

a 50 kilómetros por hora at fifty kilometers an hour

5 precio

:

¿a cómo o

cuánto está? how much is it?;

están a dos pesos el kilo they are two pesos a kilo

6 objeto indirecto

:

dáselo a tu hermano give it to your brother

7 objeto directo

:

vi a mi padre I saw my father

8 en perífrasis verbal

:

empezar a begin to;

jugar a las cartas play cards;

decidirse a hacer algo decide to do sth;

voy a comprarlo I’m going to buy it;

a decir verdad to tell the truth

9 para introducir pregunta

:

¿a que no lo sabes? I bet you don’t know;

a ver OK, right;

a ver lo que pasa ahora let’s see what happens now

(a)

abr (= alias) aka (= also known as)

* * *

a nf

: first letter of the Spanish alphabet

a prep

1) : to

nos vamos a México: we're going to Mexico

2) (used before direct or indirect objects referring to persons)

¿llamaste a tu papá?: did you call your dad?

como a usted le guste: as you wish

3) : in the manner of

papas a la francesa: french fries

4) : on, by means of

a pie: on foot

5) : per, each

tres pastillas al día: three pills per day

6) (with infinitive)

enséñales a leer: teach them to read

problemas a resolver: problems to be solved

* * *

a prep

1. (dirección) to

voy al colegio I'm going to school

fueron al cine they went to the cinema

vamos a casa let's go home

gira a la derecha turn right

2. (posición) at

te esperaré a la salida I'll wait for you at the exit

hay un buzón al final de la calle there's a postbox at the end of the road

está a la izquierda it's on the left

3. (distancia) away

está a un kilómetro de aquí it's one kilometre from here / it's one kilometre away

vivimos a 20 kilómetros we live 20 kilometres away

4. (tiempo) at

llegaron a las cinco they arrived at 5 o'clock

a la hora de comer at lunchtime

estamos a 17 it's the 17th today

abrimos de 9 a 5 we open from 9 to 5

5. (distribución, cantidad, medida, precio) a / at

dos veces al año twice a year

a 120 kilómetros por hora at 120 kilometres per hour

tocamos a 1.000 cada uno it works out at 1,000 each

las fresas están a 400 pesetas el kilo strawberries are 400 pesetas a kilo

ganaron dos a uno they won two one

6. (modo)

fui a pie I walked / I went on foot

escrito a máquina typewritten

hecho a mano handmade / made by hand

7. (complemento directo)

llama a tu hermano phone your brother

¿has visto a Iván? have you seen Iván?

8. (complemento indirecto en general) to

he escrito una carta a mi amiga I've written a letter to my friend

dámelo a mí give it to me

9. (para) for

les compré unos caramelos a los niños I bought some sweets for the children

10. (de) from

se lo compré a mi vecino I bought it from my neighbour

Spanish-English dictionary > a
19 contra

adv.

athwart.

prep.

1 against.

un jarabe contra la tos a cough syrup

en contra against

estar en contra de algo, estar contra algo to be opposed to something

en contra de contrary to (a diferencia de)

eso va contra el reglamento that's against regulations

2 versus.

f.

opposing view, con.

* * *

contra

► preposición

1 against

■ juegan contra nosotros they're playing against us

■ lucharon contra los cartagineses they fought against the Carthaginians

■ tres contra uno three against one

2 for

■ un producto contra las picaduras de mosquitos a product for mosquito bites

3 (enfrente) facing, opposite

► nombre femenino

1 familiar drawback, snag

► interjección

1 gosh!, good grief!

2 la Contra (grupo contrarevolucionario) the Contras plural

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

en contra against

■ estaba en contra he was against it

■ los tienes en contra de ti they're against you

en contra de lo que... contrary to...

■ en contra de lo que decían contrary to what they said

llevar la contra a alguien to contradict somebody, disagree with somebody

opinar en contra to disagree

* * *

prep.

against

* * *

SF

la Contra — Nic ( Hist) the Contras pl

* * *
I
preposición

1)

a) (indicando posición, dirección) against

lo puso contra la pared/la ventana — he put it against the wall/by the window

nos estrellamos contra un árbol — we crashed into a tree

b) ( con sentido de oposición) against

dos contra uno — two against one

la lucha contra la tiranía — the struggle against tyranny

una vacuna contra la gripe — a flu o an anti-flu vaccine

una política contra el paro — a policy to combat unemployment

c) (en locs)

en contra — against

yo estoy en contra — I'm against it

40 votos en contra — 40 votes against

un gol en contra — (RPl) an own goal

en contra de — ( opuesto a) against; ( contrariamente a) contrary to

está en contra de mis principios — it's against my principles

en contra de la opinión general — contrary to what everybody thinks

2)

a) (Fin)

un cheque girado contra el Banco de Pando — a check drawn on the Banco de Pando

b) (Com) ( a cambio de)

envíos contra reembolso — parcels sent cash on delivery
II
femenino

1) (esp AmL fam) ( dificultad) snag

llevar la contra — contrario I 3)

2) (Col) ( antídoto) antidote

3) (Pol, Hist)

a) ( grupo)

la contra — the Contras (pl)

b) contra masculino y femenino ( individuo) Contra rebel
III
masculino pro I

* * *
I
preposición

1)

a) (indicando posición, dirección) against

lo puso contra la pared/la ventana — he put it against the wall/by the window

nos estrellamos contra un árbol — we crashed into a tree

b) ( con sentido de oposición) against

dos contra uno — two against one

la lucha contra la tiranía — the struggle against tyranny

una vacuna contra la gripe — a flu o an anti-flu vaccine

una política contra el paro — a policy to combat unemployment

c) (en locs)

en contra — against

yo estoy en contra — I'm against it

40 votos en contra — 40 votes against

un gol en contra — (RPl) an own goal

en contra de — ( opuesto a) against; ( contrariamente a) contrary to

está en contra de mis principios — it's against my principles

en contra de la opinión general — contrary to what everybody thinks

2)

a) (Fin)

un cheque girado contra el Banco de Pando — a check drawn on the Banco de Pando

b) (Com) ( a cambio de)

envíos contra reembolso — parcels sent cash on delivery
II
femenino

1) (esp AmL fam) ( dificultad) snag

llevar la contra — contrario I 3)

2) (Col) ( antídoto) antidote

3) (Pol, Hist)

a) ( grupo)

la contra — the Contras (pl)

b) contra masculino y femenino ( individuo) Contra rebel
III
masculino pro I

* * *

contra¹

= against, versus (vs - abreviatura), anti.

Ex: Against this proliferation of hosts there is a distinct awareness amongst users of the need for the rationalisation.

Ex: I believe that the emphasis on abuse of title entry in the name of speeding up cataloging is not the question of a title entry versus other entries, it is the question of simplification.

Ex: States began passing anti stalking legislation in 1990 after a rash of stalking related murders and publicity surrounding the stalking of celebrities = Los estados empezaron a aprobar legislación contra el acecho en 1990 después de una racha de asesinatos relacionados con el acoso y de la publicidad que surgió relacionada con la persecución de famosos.

* acción contra el fuego = fire response.

* a favor y en contra = pro and con.

* argumento en contra = counter-argument [counterargument].

* argumentos a favor o en contra = arguments for (and/or) against.

* carrera contra el tiempo = race against time, race against the clock.

* carrera contra reloj = race against time, race against the clock.

* contra el cáncer = anticancer.

* contra el deseo de Alguien = against + Posesivo + will.

* contra el reumatismo = anti-rheumatism.

* contra el viento = upwind.

* contra fuerzas superiores = against (all/the) odds.

* contra la ansiedad = anti-anxiety.

* contra la pared = up against the wall, with + Posesivo + back against the wall, against a/the wall.

* contra las cuerdas = against the ropes.

* contra la voluntad de Alguien = against + Posesivo + will.

* contra los dioses = against (all/the) odds.

* contra (todo) pronóstico = against (all/the) odds.

* contra todo (tipo) de riesgo = against all risks.

* contra una pared = against a/the wall.

* contra viento y marea = at all costs, against (all/the) odds, at any cost, at any price, come hell or high water.

* en contra = counterpoint, against.

* en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].

* en contra de la opinión general = contrary to popular belief.

* en contra de la raza blanca = anti-white [antiwhite].

* en contra de la raza negra = antiblack [anti-black].

* en contra de las circunstancias = against circumstances.

* estar a favor o en contra = be for or against.

* estar en contra de = be against.

* hablar en contra de = speak against.

* hacer objeciones contra = urge against.

* ir a contra reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra de = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, be contrary to, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, run up against, turn against, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* ir en contra del reloj = race against + the clock.

* ir en contra del tiempo = race against + the clock.

* ir en contra de todos + Posesivo + principios = violate + principle.

* luchar contra corriente = labour + against the grain.

* luchar contra un fuego = fight + fire.

* militar contra = militate against.

* no predisponer a Alguien en contra = stay on + the right side of, keep on + the right side of.

* no tener nada en contra de Algo = have + no quarrel about + Nombre.

* ponerse en contra de = turn against.

* por contra = in contrast.

* predispuesto en contra de = disposed against.

* probabilidades en contra de = odds against.

* pronunciarse a favor o en contra de Algo = take + sides.

* pros y contras = trade-off [tradeoff/trade off], ins and outs, pros and cons.

* pros (y/o) contras = merits (and/or) demerits, strengths (and/or) weaknesses, pluses (and/or) minuses.

* pruebas en contra = evidence to the contrary.

* seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.

* tener pros y contras = be a mixed blessing.

* utilizar en contra = set against.

* viento en contra = headwind.

* volverse en contra de = turn against.

* * *

contra¹

prep

A

1 (indicando posición, dirección) against

lo estrellaron contra la puerta they threw him against the door

nos estrellamos contra un árbol we crashed into a tree

nadar contra la corriente to swim against the current

puso el escritorio contra la ventana he put the desk under o by o in front of o next to the window

2 (con sentido de oposición) against

dos contra uno two against one

la lucha contra la tiranía/la ignorancia the struggle against tyranny/ignorance

una vacuna contra la gripe a flu o an anti-flu vaccine

una política contra la discriminación racial a policy to combat racial discrimination

contra lo que opinan todos contrary to what everyone thinks

3 ( en locs):

en contra against

yo estoy en contra I'm against it

40 votos a favor y 23 en contra 40 votes for and 23 against

un gol en contra ( RPl); an own goal

en contra de: está en contra de mis principios it's against my principles

en contra nuestra or de nosotros against us

se pronunciaron en contra de estas medidas they announced that they were opposed to these measures

B

1 ( Fin):

un cheque girado contra el Banco de Pando a check drawn on the Banco de Pando

2 ( Com)

(a cambio de): contra presentación/entrega de este vale on presentation/surrender of this voucher

envíos contra reembolso parcels sent cash on delivery

contra²

feminine

A ( esp AmL fam) (dificultad) snag

llevarle la contra a algn: a ella no le gusta que le lleven la contra she doesn't like to be contradicted

siempre tiene que llevarme la contra she always has to disagree

lo hace sólo por llevar la contra he does it just to be difficult

B ( Col) (antídoto) antidote

C ( Hist, Pol)

1

(grupo): la contra the Contras (pl)

2

contra masculine and feminine (individuo) Contra rebel

contra³

masculine

pro¹ (↑ pro (1))

* * *

contra preposición
against;
◊ lo puso contra la pared he put it against the wall;

nos estrellamos contra un árbol we crashed into a tree;
dos contra uno two against one;
yo estoy en contra I'm against it;
40 votos en contra 40 votes against;
en contra de ( opuesto a) against;

( contrariamente a) contrary to
■ sustantivo femenino
a) (esp AmL fam) ( dificultad) snag;

◊ llevarle la contra a algn to contradict sb

b) (Col) ( antídoto) antidote

c) (Pol, Hist) ( grupo):

◊ la contra the Contras (pl)

■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( individuo) Contra rebel
■ sustantivo masculino See Also→
◊ pro

contra
I preposición
1 (oposición) against
estar en contra de algo, to be against sthg
nadie dijo nada en contra, no one disagreed
2 (apoyado en) against
3 (cuando indica colisión física) into
II f Pol (grupo contrarrevolucionario) contra
♦ Locuciones: los pros y los contras, the pros and cons

' contra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abominar
- animosidad
- apelar
- atentar
- atentado
- azuzar
- blasfemar
- bloque
- cabeza
- cargar
- chocar
- combatir
- conjurarse
- corriente
- cuerda
- darse
- declararse
- defender
- derecha
- despotricar
- efectiva
- efectivo
- eficaz
- embestir
- empotrar
- enfrente
- envío
- estampar
- estamparse
- estrellar
- estrellarse
- exaltada
- exaltado
- impacto
- imponer
- indisponer
- injuria
- inoculación
- interponer
- juventud
- legal
- manifestarse
- mutar
- mutarse
- oponerse
- oposición
- pared
- predisponer
- preservar
- prevenir
English:
accusation
- against
- agitate
- aid
- antihistamine
- antipollution
- argue
- argument
- attack
- attempt
- avoid
- back
- barge into
- belief
- bias
- biased
- blast
- blitz
- bump
- bump into
- campaign
- cannon
- career
- cash
- charge
- charity
- claim
- clamp down
- clash
- clock
- clutch
- combat
- come out
- con
- contra
- contrary
- counter
- crack
- crack down
- crackdown
- crash
- crime
- decide
- demonstrate
- discriminate
- fight
- find
- for
- foul
- from

* * *

Contra Pol

♦ nf

la Contra the Contras

♦ nmf

Contra (rebel)

* * *

contra

I prp against;

en contra de against;

en contra against

II f fig

:

llevar o

hacer la contra a alguien contradict s.o.

* * *

contra nf

1) fam : difficulty, snag

2)

llevar la contra a : to oppose, to contradict

contra nm

: con

los pros y los contras: the pros and cons

contra prep

: against

* * *

contra¹ n drawback

llevar la contra a alguien to contradict somebody

contra² prep

1. (en general) against

lucharon contra el enemigo they fought against the enemy

eso va contra la ley that's against the law

se apoyaba contra la pared he was leaning against the wall

2. (con chocar, etc) into

el coche se estrelló contra un árbol the car crashed into a tree

3. (con tirar, etc) at

lanzó la copa contra la pared he threw the glass at the wall

4. (con caerse, etc) on

se fue de bruces contra el suelo she fell flat on her face on the floor

5. (tratamiento) for

una cura contra la gripe a cure for flu

6. (en deportes) versus

Inglaterra contra Escocia England versus Scotland

juega contra el Manchester United they're playing Manchester United

en contra against

toda la familia está en contra the whole family are against it

está en contra del boxeo she's against boxing

Spanish-English dictionary > contra
20 déterminer

déterminer [detεʀmine]

➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb

to determine

• déterminer qn à faire qch to determine sb to do sth

* * *
detɛʀmine
verbe transitif

1) ( établir) to determine [raison, responsabilité]

2) ( fixer) to work out [mesures, modalités]

3) ( causer) to determine [attitude, choix]

4) ( décider)

déterminer quelqu'un à faire — to make somebody decide to do

* * *
detɛʀmine vt
1) (= fixer) [lieu, heure] to set

2) (= établir, trouver) [cause, nature] to determine, to ascertain

3) (= décider, pousser)

déterminer qn à faire — to decide sb to do

* * *

déterminer verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( établir) to determine [raison, responsabilité]; déterminer les causes de l'accident to determine what caused the accident;

2 ( fixer) to work out [mesures, modalités]; déterminer une politique to work out a policy;

3 ( causer) to determine [attitude, décision, choix]; to lead to [événement, phénomène];

4 ( pousser) déterminer qn à faire to cause sb to do; cela l'a déterminé à quitter l'armée it caused ou led him to leave the army;

5 Ling to determine.

B se déterminer vpr

1 ( être établi) to be determined;

2 ( être fixé) to be worked out;

3 ( choisir) [personne] to make a choice (entre between); ( se décider à) se déterminer à to make up one's mind to.

[detɛrmine] verbe transitif

1. [définir] to ascertain, to determine

2. [inciter] to incite, to encourage

déterminer quelqu'un à faire quelque chose to encourage somebody to do something

3. [causer] to determine

qu'est-ce qui détermine l'achat? what determines whether somebody will buy or not?

4. LINGUISTIQUE & PHILOSOPHIE to determine

5. BIOLOGIE [sexe] to determine

[groupe sanguin] to type

————————

se déterminer verbe pronominal intransitif

to decide, to make a decision, to make up one's mind

se déterminer à to make up one's mind to

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > déterminer

Страницы

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

to decide on a policy

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

to decide on a policy

См. также в других словарях:

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